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Mikroplastik pada Karang Keras di Perairan Pantai Jepara
Summary
An Indonesian study found microplastics in hard coral samples from coastal waters near Jepara, documenting the presence of plastic particles in coral reef ecosystems. Coral reefs are biodiversity hotspots that are increasingly threatened by microplastic pollution, which can impair coral feeding and growth.
Ekosistem terumbu karang memegang peranan penting dalam biodiversitas laut serta ikut berperan mengurangi dampak pemanasan global. Namun, ancaman yang dihadapi oleh karang dan ekosistem terumbu karang saat ini adalah keberadaan mikroplastik yang dibuang ke laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan mikroplastik pada karang keras (jumlah, warna, bentuk, ukuran serta senyawa polimer penyusun mikroplastik) yang terdapat di perairan Pulau Panjang dan Pantai Teluk Awur, Jepara. Sampel karang keras diambil sebanyak 100 gram yang didasarkan pada lifeform pada setiap lokasi (Coral Massive, Coral Submassibe, Coral Banching, dan Coral Folious). Ekstraksi mikroplastik menggunakan larutan H2O2 30%, ditambahkan saline water dan direndam selama 24 jam, disaring menggunakan kertas whatman dan selanjutnya diamati dengan mikroskop. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi kelimpahan, bentuk, warna, dan ukuran dari mikroplastik serta dianalisis menggunakan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared). Hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa karang keras di perairan Pulau Panjang dan perairan Teluk Awur terdapat mikroplastik sebanyak 34,4 partikel/kg dan 56,7 partikel/kg. Bentuk yang teridentifikasi ialah fiber, pelet, fragmen, dan film dengan bentuk fiber paling mendominasi (64%). Warna mikroplastik yang ditemukan yaitu hitam, biru, merah, transparant, dan ungu dengan warna dominansi hitam mencapai 65,93% dari seluruh mikroplastik di kedua lokasi penelitian. Ukuran mikroplastik yang teridentifikasi antara 0,309 – 4,791 mm. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan bahwa jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan ialah LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) atau LLDPE (Low LDPE) dan PS (Polystyrene). The coral reef ecosystems play an important role in marine biodiversity and reduce the impact of global warming. However, the threat that the coral reef ecosystem is currently threatened by the presence of microplastics that are dumped into the sea. Therefore, this study aims to determine the abundance of microplastics in hard corals (number, color, shape, size, and polymer compounds that makeup microplastics) in Panjang Island and Teluk Awur Beach, Jepara. The sampling of hard corals was 100 grams per sample based on the lifeform at each location (Coral Massive, Coral Submassibe, Coral Branching, and Coral Folious). The microplastics were extracted using 30% H2O2 solution, saline water was added and soaked for 24 hours, filtered using Whatman paper and then observed with a microscope. This study examined the abundance, shape, colour, and size of microplastics and analysed them using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared). The results showed that hard corals in Panjang Island waters and Awur Bay waters contained microplastics as much as 34.4 particles/kg and 56.7 particles/kg. The identified forms are fibres, pellets, fragments, and films with fibres dominating (64%). The colours of microplastics identified were black, blue, red, transparent, and purple with black dominating 65.93% of all microplastics in both study sites. The size of microplastics identified was between 0.309 - 4.791 mm. FTIR results show that the types of microplastics found are LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) or LLDPE (Low LDPE) and PS (Polystyrene).
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