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Polypropylene Microplastic Exposure Modulates Multiple Metabolic Pathways in Tobacco Leaves, Impacting Lignin Biosynthesis
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Polypropylene microplastic exposure modulates multiple metabolic pathways in tobacco leaves, impacting lignin biosynthesis
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This study exposed tobacco plants to polypropylene microplastics of different sizes and concentrations in soil and found that the particles disrupted multiple metabolic pathways, particularly lignin production which is important for plant structural strength. Nanoscale particles caused more severe effects than larger microplastics, altering gene expression and metabolite profiles. The findings show that microplastic contamination in soil can fundamentally change how plants grow and develop, with potential implications for crop quality.
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A bibliometric analysis of 84 studies (2017-2025) found that microplastic exposure in plants triggers stress pathway upregulation, reduces seed germination by up to 20%, disrupts nutrient uptake, and elevates antioxidant enzyme activity. These plant-level disruptions matter for human health because microplastic contamination of agricultural systems can degrade food quality, reduce crop yields, and create exposure pathways through the vegetables and grains people eat.
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Researchers reviewed accumulating evidence on microplastic uptake by terrestrial plants, finding that particles smaller than 200 nm can enter root cells and translocate to shoots, potentially disrupting photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and growth while opening a pathway for microplastics to enter the human food chain through crops.
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This analysis examined how microplastics affect plant physiology in terrestrial ecosystems, including uptake through roots, translocation into edible tissues, disruption of photosynthesis, and alteration of soil microbial communities that plants depend on. Because many staple crops can absorb and accumulate microplastics from contaminated soil and irrigation water, agricultural microplastic pollution translates directly into human dietary exposure through fruits, vegetables, and grains.
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