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The mechanism of polystyrene nanoplastics hepatotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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This study investigated the hepatotoxic mechanisms of polystyrene nanoplastics in zebrafish (Danio rerio), finding that nanoplastics accumulating in the liver triggered oxidative stress and cellular injury pathways. The results highlight nanoplastics as a significant liver toxicant in aquatic vertebrates.
The mass production of plastics and improper disposal of plastic waste has led to their widespread presence in the ecosystem. Plastics entering the natural environment degrade into irregularly shaped and differently sized nanoplastics (NPs), exacerbating global pollution. The research object to study toxic mechanisms of the liver polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) of zebrafish, providing key scientific insights for the environmental risk assessment of NPs. The zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations with a particle size of 100 nm PS NPs containing Eu, and the accumulation of nanoplastics in each tissue/organ was quantified. The mechanism of liver toxicity of nanoplastics to zebrafish was explored. Where the mass of PS NPs was linearly related to the mass of Eu with R 2 = 0.999. PS NPs were accumulated in gills, ovaries, liver, spleen, intestine, kidney, skin, muscle and brain. The top three accumulations were: intestine > gills > liver. The histopathological analysis of liver indicated that 0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L PS NPs caused increased liver inflammation. 0.1 mg/L PS NPs significantly increased the activity of SOD and the content of ROS and MDA in liver. 1 mg/L PS NPs significantly increased the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH and the content of MDA in liver, while significantly decreased the content of ROS. These results will improve the appreciation of the cumulative impact of PS NPs and the mechanism of toxicity on target organs in organisms.
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Researchers studied how polystyrene nanoplastics affect the immune system of zebrafish larvae by examining inflammatory responses in the liver. They found that smaller nanoparticles caused more severe immune reactions, including increased neutrophil and macrophage activity and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. The study provides evidence that nanoplastics can trigger significant immune system disruption in fish even at early life stages.
Nanoplastic contamination: Impact on zebrafish liver metabolism and implications for aquatic environmental health
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Zebrafish exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles for 28 days showed significant disruptions in liver metabolism, including altered fat processing, signs of inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Notably, at lower doses the liver's detox enzymes appeared to break down the nanoplastics themselves, while higher doses overwhelmed these defenses and caused more severe injury.
Polystyrene Nanoplastic Exposure Induces Developmental Toxicity by Activating the Oxidative Stress Response and Base Excision Repair Pathway in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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Researchers exposed zebrafish embryos to polystyrene nanoplastics at various concentrations and found significant developmental abnormalities including reduced hatching rates and increased malformations. The nanoplastics activated oxidative stress responses and DNA repair pathways, indicating cellular damage during critical early development stages. The study provides mechanistic evidence for how nanoplastic exposure can disrupt normal embryonic development in aquatic organisms.
Polystyrene nanospheres-induced hepatotoxicity in swamp eel (Monopterus albus): From biochemical, pathological and transcriptomic perspectives
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Researchers exposed swamp eels to polystyrene nanoplastics for 28 days and found significant liver damage including oxidative stress, tissue abnormalities, and disrupted gene expression related to immune response and metabolism. Higher concentrations caused more severe liver injury, with changes detectable at both the biochemical and genetic levels. This study adds evidence that nanoplastic exposure can harm liver function in freshwater species important to aquaculture and local food supplies.
Uptake and Accumulation of Polystyrene Microplastics in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Toxic Effects in Liver
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Researchers exposed zebrafish to polystyrene microplastics of two different sizes and tracked where the particles accumulated in the body. They found that smaller particles (5 micrometers) built up in the gills, liver, and gut, while larger particles (20 micrometers) mainly stayed in the gills and gut. The microplastics caused liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and disrupted fat metabolism, suggesting that ingested microplastics can damage internal organs in fish.
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