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Exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics induces apoptosis, autophagy, histopathological damage, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis of the Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
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Exposing Pacific white shrimp to nanoplastics caused intestinal damage, cell death, disrupted immune function, and increased the abundance of harmful gut bacteria. Higher concentrations of nanoplastics led to more severe effects, including visible damage to the intestinal lining and formation of autophagosomes (cellular waste structures). These findings add to growing evidence that nanoplastic contamination in seafood farming can compromise the health of organisms that many people eat.
Nanoplastics (NPs) are widely distributed environmental pollutants that can disrupt intestinal immunity of crustaceans. In this study, the effects of NPs on gut immune enzyme activities, cell morphology, apoptosis, and microbiota diversity of Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated. L. vannamei was exposed to five concentrations of NPs (0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg/L) for 28 days. The results showed that higher concentrations of NPs damaged the intestinal villi, promoted formation of autophagosomes, increased intestinal non-specific immunoenzyme activities, and significantly increased apoptosis at 10 mg/L. In response to exposure to NPs, the expression levels of ATG3, ATG4, ATG12, Caspase-3, p53, and TNF initially increased and then decreased. In addition, the concentration of NPs was negatively correlated to the expression levels of the genes of interest and intestinal enzyme activities, suggesting that exposure to NPs inhibited apoptosis and immune function. The five dominant phyla of the gut microbiota (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Actinomycetes) were similar among groups exposed to different concentrations of NPs, but the abundances tended to differ. Notably, exposure to NPs increased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. These results confirm that exposure to NPs negatively impacted intestinal immune function of L. vannamei. These findings provide useful references for efficient breeding of L. vannamei.
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Effects of nanoplastics on the gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
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Researchers fed polystyrene nanoplastics to Pacific white shrimp and found significant damage to their gut bacteria, intestinal structure, and immune system. The nanoplastics increased harmful bacteria like Vibrio while reducing beneficial species, and visibly damaged the intestinal lining. Since shrimp are widely consumed seafood, these gut health disruptions raise questions about how nanoplastic contamination in farmed and wild shrimp could affect both the animals and the people who eat them.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals nanoplastics-induced apoptosis, autophagy and immune response in Litopenaeus vannamei
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Shrimp exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics for 28 days showed dose-dependent damage to their immune systems, including increased cell death, tissue destruction in the liver-like organ, and disrupted antioxidant defenses. At high concentrations, the nanoplastics overwhelmed the shrimp's ability to fight off threats. Since shrimp are an important food source, these findings raise concerns about the quality and safety of seafood from nanoplastic-contaminated waters.
Toxicological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on marine organisms
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Researchers exposed Pacific white shrimp to polystyrene nanoplastics at various concentrations and measured immune, antioxidant, and tissue responses after seven days. They found that nanoplastic exposure disrupted immune function, increased oxidative stress, and caused tissue damage, particularly in the hepatopancreas and gills. The study adds to growing evidence that nanoplastics can harm the health of commercially important marine species.
Polystyrene nanoplastics induce lipid metabolism disorder and alter fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas of Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
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Researchers exposed Pacific whiteleg shrimp to different concentrations of polystyrene nanoplastics for 28 days and found significant disruption to fat metabolism in the shrimp's digestive organ. Higher concentrations caused tissue damage, reduced protein and fat content, and altered the activity of enzymes that control how the body processes fats. Since shrimp is a widely consumed seafood, these findings raise questions about how nanoplastic contamination in aquaculture could affect the nutritional quality and safety of shellfish for human consumption.
Polystyrene nanoplastics induce apoptosis, histopathological damage, and glutathione metabolism disorder in the intestine of juvenile East Asian river prawns (Macrobrachium nipponense)
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Researchers exposed juvenile East Asian river prawns to different concentrations of polystyrene nanoplastics for 28 days. They found that nanoplastic exposure caused intestinal cell death, tissue damage, and disrupted the glutathione antioxidant system in a dose-dependent manner. The study suggests that nanoplastic pollution in freshwater environments could significantly compromise the intestinal health and immune defenses of crustaceans.
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