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High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Combined with Reactive Oxygen Species Reveals Differences in Photoreactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter from Microplastic Sources in Aqueous Environments
Environmental Science & Technology2024
59 citations
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Score: 60
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0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Researchers analyzed the dissolved organic matter that different types of microplastics release into water and how it reacts with sunlight. Plastics with aromatic structures like polystyrene and PET released compounds that broke down faster and generated more reactive oxygen species than polyethylene or polypropylene. Understanding how different plastics chemically alter water quality is important because these released compounds and reactive species can affect aquatic life and the safety of water sources used by people.
Microplastics (MPs)-derived dissolved organic matter (MPs-DOM) is becoming a non-negligible source of DOM pools in aquatic systems, but there is limited understanding about the photoreactivity of different MPs-DOM. Herein, MPs-DOM from polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly(butylene adipate-<i>co</i>-terephthalate) (PBAT), PE, and polypropylene (PP), representing aromatic, biodegradable, and aliphatic plastics, were prepared to examine their photoreactivity. Spectral and high-resolution mass spectrometry analyses revealed that PS/PET/PBAT-DOM contained more unsaturated aromatic components, whereas PE/PP-DOM was richer in saturated aliphatic components. Photodegradation experiments observed that unsaturated aromatic molecules were prone to be degraded compared to saturated aliphatic molecules, leading to a higher degradation of PS/PET/PBAT-DOM than PE/PP-DOM. PS/PET/PBAT-DOM was mainly degraded by hydroxyl (<sup>•</sup>OH) via attacking unsaturated aromatic structures, whereas PE/PP-DOM by singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) through oxidizing aliphatic side chains. The [<sup>•</sup>OH]ss was 1.21-1.60 × 10<sup>-4</sup> M in PS/PET/PBAT-DOM and 0.97-1.14 × 10<sup>-4</sup> M in PE/PP-DOM, while the [<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>]ss was 0.90-1.35 × 10<sup>-12</sup> and 0.33-0.44 × 10<sup>-12</sup> M, respectively. This contributes to the stronger photoreactivity of PS/PET/PBAT-DOM with a higher unsaturated aromatic degree than PE/PP-DOM. The photodegradation of MPs-DOM reflected a decreasing tendency from aromatic-unsaturated molecules to aliphatic-saturated molecules. Special attention should be paid to the photoreactivity and environmental impacts associated with MPs-DOM containing highly unsaturated aromatic compounds.