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Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Environmental Sources Sign in to save

Bark and biochar in horizontal flow filters effectively remove microplastics from stormwater

Environmental Pollution 2024 12 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 50 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Gabriella Rullander, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Gabriella Rullander, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Gabriella Rullander, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Gabriella Rullander, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Gabriella Rullander, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Jes Vollertsen Claudia Lorenz, Gabriella Rullander, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Claudia Lorenz, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Jes Vollertsen Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Jes Vollertsen Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Sahar Dalahmeh, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Sahar Dalahmeh, Gabriella Rullander, Claudia Lorenz, Gabriella Rullander, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Jes Vollertsen Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Jes Vollertsen Claudia Lorenz, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Sahar Dalahmeh, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Claudia Lorenz, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Ann‐Margret Strömvall, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Claudia Lorenz, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Sahar Dalahmeh, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Claudia Lorenz, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Claudia Lorenz, Claudia Lorenz, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Claudia Lorenz, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Claudia Lorenz, Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen Jes Vollertsen

Summary

Researchers tested horizontal flow filters made with bark and biochar for their ability to remove microplastics from stormwater, achieving effective retention of multiple plastic types including polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. The organic filter materials trapped the majority of particles, with performance varying by plastic type and filter composition. The study demonstrates that affordable, nature-based filter systems can be a practical solution for reducing microplastic pollution in urban stormwater runoff.

Polymers
PA PE PP PS

Organic materials such as bark and biochar can be effective filter materials to treat stormwater. However, the efficiency of such filters in retaining microplastics (MPs) - an emerging stormwater pollutant - has not been sufficiently studied. This study investigated the removal and transport of a mixture of MPs commonly associated with stormwater. Different MP types (polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene) were mixed into the initial 2 cm material of horizontal bark and biochar filters of 25, 50, and 100 cm lengths. The MP types consisted of spherical and fragmented shapes in size ranges of 25-900 μm. The filters were subjected to a water flow of 5 mL/min for one week, and the total effluents were analyzed for MPs by μFTIR imaging. To gain a deeper insight, one 100 cm bark filter replica was split into 10 cm segments, and MPs in each segment were extracted and counted. The results showed that MPs were retained effectively, >97%, in all biochar and bark filters. However, MPs were detected in all effluents regardless of filter length. Effluent concentrations of 5-750 MP/L and 35-355 MP/L were measured in bark and biochar effluents, respectively, with >91% of the MP counts consisting of small-sized (25 μm) polyamide spherical particles. Combining all data, a decrease in average MP concentration was noticed with longer filters, likely attributed to channeling in a 25 and 50-cm filter. The analyses of MPs in the bark media revealed that most MPs were retained in the 0-10 cm segment but that some MPs were transported further, with 19% of polyamide retained in the 80-90 cm segment. Overall, this study shows promising results for bark and biochar filters to retain MPs, while highlighting the importance of systematic packing of filters to reduce MP emissions to the environment from polluted stormwater.

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