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Majority of potable water microplastics are smaller than the 20 µm EU methodology limit for consumable water quality

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Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Gaël, Le Roux Nadiia Yakovenko, Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Gaël, Le Roux Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Henar Margenat, Henar Margenat, Nadiia Yakovenko, Henar Margenat, Henar Margenat, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Henar Margenat, Nadiia Yakovenko, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Henar Margenat, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Nadiia Yakovenko, Jeroen E., Sonke, Nadiia Yakovenko, Jeroen E., Sonke, Frederik Hagelskjær, Henar Margenat, Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Henar Margenat, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Gaël, Le Roux Frederik Hagelskjær, Frederik Hagelskjær, Frederik Hagelskjær, Frederik Hagelskjær, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Frederik Hagelskjær, Nadiia Yakovenko, Gaël, Le Roux Gaël, Le Roux Frederik Hagelskjær, Frederik Hagelskjær, Gaël, Le Roux Jeroen E., Sonke, Frederik Hagelskjær, Frederik Hagelskjær, Henar Margenat, Henar Margenat, Gaël, Le Roux Hagelskjær, Oskar, Gaël, Le Roux Jeroen E., Sonke, Gaël, Le Roux Hagelskjær, Oskar, Gaël, Le Roux Gaël, Le Roux Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Henar Margenat, Henar Margenat, Henar Margenat, Henar Margenat, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Henar Margenat, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Henar Margenat, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Henar Margenat, Henar Margenat, Henar Margenat, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Nadiia Yakovenko, Nadiia Yakovenko, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Gaël, Le Roux Gaël, Le Roux Gaël, Le Roux Gaël, Le Roux Gaël, Le Roux Gaël, Le Roux Jeroen E., Sonke, Gaël, Le Roux Nadiia Yakovenko, Gaël, Le Roux Jeroen E., Sonke, Gaël, Le Roux Henar Margenat, Gaël, Le Roux Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Henar Margenat, Henar Margenat, Gaël, Le Roux Gaël, Le Roux Nadiia Yakovenko, Gaël, Le Roux Gaël, Le Roux Gaël, Le Roux Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Henar Margenat, Jeroen E., Sonke, Gaël, Le Roux Nadiia Yakovenko, Gaël, Le Roux Jeroen E., Sonke, Gaël, Le Roux Jeroen E., Sonke, Gaël, Le Roux Henar Margenat, Jeroen E., Sonke, Jeroen E., Sonke, Nadiia Yakovenko, Jeroen E., Sonke, Hagelskjær, Oskar, Gaël, Le Roux Gaël, Le Roux Gaël, Le Roux Jeroen E., Sonke, Gaël, Le Roux Jeroen E., Sonke, Henar Margenat, Henar Margenat, Gaël, Le Roux

Summary

Researchers analyzed microplastic content in potable water samples down to 1 micrometer in size, well below the 20-micrometer minimum specified by the EU's proposed methodology for drinking water quality testing. They found that the majority of microplastics detected were smaller than 20 micrometers, meaning current regulatory approaches would miss most of the contamination. The study raises concerns that the smallest particles, which are more likely to cross biological barriers, are not being captured by proposed monitoring standards.

Polymers

PE PET

Study Type Environmental

Microplastic (MP) content in nutrition including potable water is unregulated, although MP concentrations in bottled water can diverge by several orders of magnitude. The EU Directive 2020/2184 on consumable water quality recently proposed methodological approaches to the detection of MPs in potable water in the size range of 20-5000 µm. However, small MPs in the 1-20 µm range are far more likely to pass the human intestine into blood and organs. We therefore investigated MP concentrations down to 1 µm in ten individual polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottled water brands and one tap water sample by Raman microspectroscopy. Our analyses are supported by procedural blank- (negative control) and analytical recovery correction (positive control) using red polyethylene fragments in the 5-100 µm range. We find that MP concentrations range from 19 to 1,154 (n/L) [0.001 to 0.250 µg/L]. Importantly, 98 and 94% of MPs measured less than 20 and 10 µm in diameter, respectively, demonstrating the importance of small MP inclusion in potable water analyses and regulation.

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