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Occurrence of Microplastics in the Tissues of Nile Tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) from Zobe Dam, Katsina State, Nigeria
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This study found microplastics in the tissues of Nile tilapia cultured in freshwater, with particles identified in gills, intestines, and muscle tissue. The results highlight the potential for microplastic transfer from farmed fish to human consumers.
A study of the detection of microplastics on Oreochromis niloticus in Zobe Reservoir, Katsina State, Nigeria was carried out. Three fish sampling sites were used; the upstream (Tsawatsawa), midstream (Makera), and downstream (Garhi) were selected based on variation of anthropogenic activities. A total number of one hundred and forty-four (144) fish samples with a total weight (MTW) and total length (MTL) varied between 134.1 ±1.50 to 154.2± 3.41g and 17.5 ± 0.10– 22.1± 0.54 cm respectively, were collected and analysed for the presence of microplastics using standard protocols. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) was used for the chemical characterization of microplastic composition examined in the fish species. The examination of microplastic occurrence in different sampled fish gills, liver, and kidney revealed the presence of Polystyrene, Polypropylene, Polyethylene terephthalate, Nylon, Polyester, and Polyvinyl chloride. Fish from all sampling sites revealed varying histopathological alterations ranging from lifting of epithelium thickening, distortion of the primary lamellae, and degeneration of secondary lamellae, blood congestion, and massive lamellae degeneration in the gill tissues. Liver tissues had hepatocyte hypertrophy, sinusoidal dilatation and cytoplasmic vacuolation, presence of lipid granules, cellular infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and haemorrhage. The kidney tissues were presented with Bowman’s capsules hyperplasia, tubular elongation, renal tubular epithelium shrinkage, hyperplasia, and cytoplasmic vacuolization of renal cells. The severity of the damage varies from site to site indicating that the water body is experiencing pollution at varying locations. Our findings provide important insights into the prevalence and distribution of microplastics in this particular environment.
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Researchers examined 30 Nile tilapia from a Nigerian reservoir and detected microplastics in 100% of gill, gastrointestinal, and muscle tissues, with polyamide from degraded fishing gear dominating; modeled daily intake estimates showed children face substantially higher exposure risk than adults from eating contaminated fish.
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Researchers examined the digestive tracts of African catfish and tilapia sold at a market in Lokoja, Nigeria, to check for microplastic contamination. Ten fish of each species were tested using a chemical process to break down tissue and extract microplastic particles.
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This study found that microplastic exposure caused tissue damage in the gills and intestines of tilapia fish, with higher concentrations leading to more severe changes. Since tilapia is widely consumed worldwide, these findings raise questions about whether microplastics in farmed fish could affect the quality and safety of the seafood on our plates.
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