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Stressful Effects of Individual and Combined Exposure to Low-Concentration Polylactic Acid Microplastics and Chromium on Marine Medaka Larvae (Oryzias melastigma)
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Researchers exposed marine medaka fish larvae to low concentrations of biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics and chromium, both individually and together, for 14 days. The combined exposure caused more severe intestinal damage, oxidative stress, and disruption of gut bacteria than either pollutant alone. The study suggests that even biodegradable microplastics can worsen the effects of heavy metal pollution on young fish in marine environments.
Microplastics and heavy metal pollution frequently co-occur in the marine environment, raising concerns about their potentially harmful impacts on marine fish. This study undertook a comprehensive evaluation of the individual and combined stress effects of polylactide microplastics (PLA-MPs) and chromium (Cr) on marine medaka larvae. Following a 14-day exposure to PLA-MPs (100 μg/L) and Cr (50 μg/L), both individually and in combination, significant increases in heart rate and body length were observed. Notably, the combined exposure to PLA-MPs and Cr caused marked histopathological alterations, including shedding, atrophy, and lysis of the intestinal tissues. Furthermore, both individual and combined exposure induced oxidative stress in fish larvae, leading to changes in various enzyme activity indices. Individual exposure to either PLA-MPs or Cr led to anxious behavior in the larvae, whereas combined exposure not only caused anxious behavior but also altered swimming patterns. These findings suggest that combined exposure to PLA-MPs and Cr can exacerbate the toxic effects on marine medaka larvae.
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Gut microbiota related response of Oryzias melastigma to combined exposure of polystyrene microplastics and tetracycline
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Researchers exposed estuarine fish to polystyrene microplastics and the antibiotic tetracycline, both alone and in combination, for four weeks. The combined exposure caused more severe disruption to gut bacteria and liver tissue than either pollutant alone, with microplastics appearing to worsen the effects of tetracycline. The study suggests that the co-occurrence of microplastics and antibiotics in coastal waters may pose greater ecological risks than either contaminant by itself.
Combined toxicity of polyethylene microplastics and chromium on the developmental stage of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
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Baby Nile tilapia fish exposed to polyethylene microplastics, chromium, or both in a lab test showed increased death rates, faster heart rates, shorter body length, more physical deformities, and reduced swimming ability compared to unexposed fish. Fish exposed to both pollutants together fared worse than those exposed to either one alone.
Individual and combined toxicogenetic effects of microplastics and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn) perturb gut microbiota homeostasis and gonadal development in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma)
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Researchers exposed marine medaka fish to microplastics and heavy metals both individually and in combination to assess their effects on gut bacteria and reproductive development. They found that microplastics alone reduced gut microbial diversity, while the combination with heavy metals increased it and triggered more significant changes in specific bacterial species. The heavy metals were primarily responsible for reproductive disruption, including follicle damage, though the combination with microplastics amplified gut-related effects.
Roles of bio-based microplastics in modulating the toxic effects of the herbicide metolachlor on the South American native species Palaemon argentinus: Single and co-exposure effects
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Researchers exposed South American native shrimp to polylactic acid microplastics and the herbicide metolachlor, both individually and in combination, over a seven-day period. They found that the bio-based microplastics caused oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and tissue damage, and also acted as carriers that increased pesticide accumulation in the shrimp. The study suggests that even biodegradable plastics can transport pollutants and pose ecological risks in aquatic ecosystems.
Biochemical effects of polypropylene microplastics on red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after individual and combined exposure with boron
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Researchers exposed red tilapia to polypropylene microplastics alone and combined with boron, finding that the mixture disrupted key brain and liver enzymes more severely than either pollutant alone. The study shows that microplastics can amplify the toxic effects of other environmental contaminants in fish.
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