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Evaluation of the Food Barrier and Mechanical Properties of Carrageenan‐Starch Composite Films
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This study developed and tested composite films made from carrageenan and starch for food packaging applications, evaluating their barrier properties against water vapor and oxygen as well as mechanical strength. The bio-based composites showed promising properties as plastic-free food packaging alternatives.
Single use plastics are a leading source of microplastics that have been detected along the food chain. This study evaluated the potential of starch (ST) and carrageenan (CRG) in packaging film formulation. CRG isolated from the seaweed (SW) Eucheuma denticulatam was blended with starch and cast to obtain films whose moisture content (MC), total soluble matter (TSM), degree of solubility (DS), water vapor permeability (WVP), opacity (O), contact angles (CA), moisture absorption (MA), and percent elongation (PE) were evaluated. The films' morphology, crystallinity, opacity, thermal profile, and functional groups were then studied by scanning electron microscopy, powder diffraction, UV-Vis, thermal gravimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. From the results obtained, the SWF films exhibited a higher MC, DS, and TSM than CRG and CRG-ST films but lower DC values. The PE of CRG films was lower than that of SWF (30%) though incorporation of ST increased the PE of CRG-ST. However, SWF films had WVP of 2.25 × 10-7 gs-1m-1Pa-1, compared to 3.65 × 10-7 gs-1m-1Pa-1 of CRG, 2.73 × 10-7 gs-1m-1Pa-1 of CRG-ST and a moisture absorption of 29.29 ± 3.5 as compared to 17.29 ± 0.87 of CRG and 23.80% ± 4.12% of CRG-ST. The opacities were found to be 41.02, 79.89, and 42.23 for SWF, CRG, CRG-ST while the contact angles were found to be 72.86, 80.93, 65.57 for SWF, CRG, and CRG-ST, respectively. Moreover, the films were impermeable to vegetable oil, had carbohydrate functional groups, good thermal stabilities, and trace micronutrients. In conclusion, this study formulated packaging films with enhanced food barrier and mechanical properties that can potentially replace single use packaging films.
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Researchers developed biodegradable food packaging films made from seaweed-derived k-carrageenan combined with citronella essential oil as a potential replacement for petroleum-based plastics. The films showed strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties while maintaining good structural integrity. The study suggests these bio-based films could serve as a more environmentally friendly alternative for food packaging applications.
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Researchers reviewed advances in carrageenan-based films derived from seaweed as sustainable alternatives to conventional plastic food packaging, highlighting improvements in mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial properties that make these polysaccharide materials increasingly viable for commercial use.
Development of Carrageenan and Starch‐Based Bioplastics for Packaging Applications (Shopping Bags): Mechanical Characterization, Morphology, and Biodegradation
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Bioplastics were produced by combining carrageenan with corn, sago, and cassava starches, then characterized for mechanical properties, biodegradation, and water vapor transmission. Results showed starch type had minimal effect on mechanical performance, while all formulations met biodegradation standards, confirming marine seaweed and agricultural starch as viable bioplastic raw materials.
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Researchers developed a semi-refined iota-carrageenan/cassava starch bionanocomposite film with SiO2-ZnO nanoparticles as a biodegradable plastic packaging alternative, finding that nanoparticle incorporation improved UV screening, reduced water vapor permeability, and enhanced antimicrobial activity for minced chicken meat applications.
Eco-Friendly Biopolymers Shaping Sustainable Food Packaging
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This review examines seaweed-derived biopolymers—particularly alginates and carrageenans—as materials for sustainable food packaging, covering their properties, processing methods, and performance as barriers to moisture and gases. It evaluates their potential to replace petroleum-based plastics and their degradation profiles under real-world conditions.
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