Eco-Friendly Biopolymers Shaping Sustainable Food Packaging

Seaweeds have emerged as valuable resources in biotechnological applications, driven by their rich diversity of bioactive compounds. While their consumption dates back to ancient civilizations, recent advances in research have shed light on the mechanisms and vast potential of these compounds, facilitating their incorporation into food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Notably, macroalgae-derived polysaccharides, such as alginates and carrageenans, offer remarkable health benefits and are instrumental in developing biopolymeric films and biodegradable packaging materials. This innovation is particularly significant in addressing the growing environmental crisis caused by the widespread dispersion of plastics and microplastics in marine ecosystems, which adversely affect aquatic life and biodiversity. Seaweed-derived biopolymers represent a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics, enabling the replacement of harmful plasticizers with eco-friendly, biodegradable materials. Such advancements contribute to environmental preservation and support the global transition toward sustainable practices. This review explores the potential of seaweeds in bioplastic production, particularly for food and pharmaceutical packaging, and underscores their role in mitigating plastic pollution. By integrating seaweed biopolymers into various industries, we can achieve a balance between technological progress and environmental stewardship, paving the way for a cleaner and more sustainable future.