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Converging frontiers in cancer treatment: the role of nanomaterials, mesenchymal stem cells, and microbial agents—challenges and limitations

Discover Oncology 2024 8 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 55 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Hamed Afkhami, Aref Yarahmadi, Shoroq Bostani, Nahid Yarian, Mahdieh Sadat Haddad, Shima Sadat Lesani, Seyed Soheil Aghaei, Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari

Summary

This review examines three cutting-edge approaches to cancer treatment: nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery, mesenchymal stem cells as carriers for therapeutic agents, and microbial agents that can selectively attack tumors. Each approach aims to overcome the limitations of conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiation, which often damage healthy tissue and lead to drug resistance. The authors discuss both the promise and the remaining challenges of bringing these innovative therapies into clinical practice.

Models

Globally, people widely recognize cancer as one of the most lethal diseases due to its high mortality rates and lack of effective treatment options. Ongoing research into cancer therapies remains a critical area of inquiry, holding significant social relevance. Currently used treatment, such as chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery, often suffers from other problems like damaging side effects, inaccuracy, and the lack of ability to clear tumors. Conventional cancer therapies are usually imprecise and ineffective and usually develop resistance to treatments and cancer recurs. Cancer patients need fresh and innovative treatment that can reduce side effects while maximizing effectiveness. In recent decades several breakthroughs in these, and other areas of medical research, have paved the way for new avenues of fighting cancer including more focused and more effective alternatives. This study reviews exciting possibilities for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), nanomaterials, and microbial agents in the modern realm of cancer treatment. Nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated surprisingly high potential. They improve drug delivery systems (DDS) significantly, enhance imaging techniques remarkably, and target cancer cells selectively while protecting healthy tissues. MSCs play a double role in tissue repair and are a vehicle for novel cancer treatments such as gene treatments or NPs loaded with therapeutic agents. Additionally, therapies utilizing microbial agents, particularly those involving bacteria, offer an inventive approach to cancer treatment. This review investigates the potential of nanomaterials, MSCs, and microbial agents in addressing the shortcomings of conventional cancer therapies. We will also discuss the challenges and limitations of using these therapeutic approaches.

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