Impact of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Agricultural Crops Performance: A Review of Efficacy and Mechanisms

The rapidly increasing global population has escalated the demand for food production, intensifying the pressure on agricultural systems to meet this rising need. Traditional farming methods often fall short of addressing this challenge due to limitations in crop yield and resistance to environmental stress. In response, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising solution, particularly through the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). TiO2 NPs, due to their unique physicochemical properties, have gained attention for their potential to enhance agricultural productivity. Their mechanism primarily involves the modulation of light absorption, improving photosynthesis, and offering antimicrobial properties that protect crops from pathogens. Additionally, these nanoparticles can promote nutrient uptake and enhance plant growth, ultimately leading to higher crop yields. The utilization of TiO2 NPs in agriculture offers a sustainable and efficient approach to boosting food production, making it a valuable tool in addressing global food security concerns. However, further research is essential to assess their long-term safety and scalability for widespread agricultural applications