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Applications of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles in Photocatalysis
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This review examines the photocatalytic applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, which are widely used for breaking down environmental pollutants including microplastics through light-driven chemical reactions. Researchers discuss how different crystal phases and modifications of these nanoparticles enhance their ability to degrade organic contaminants. The study highlights the potential of titanium dioxide-based photocatalysis as an environmentally friendly technology for addressing persistent pollutants.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) are conspicuously preferred as photocatalyst among the transition metal oxide nanoparticles. It exhibited in three polymorphisms of steady state rutile phase while brookite and anatase sustaining in metastable phase. The mixed phases of anatase phase and rarely found brookite phase mostly preferred for the photodegradation applications. The economically affordable along with nontoxic nature on top of excellent opto-electronics and catalytic properties of TiO 2 NPs are eminently favorable for the photocatalytic degradation of chemically complex structured numerous organic and inorganic dyes, phenol and phenol-based derivatives, passive microplastics as well as suspended matters, non-biodegradable cytostatic drugs, acetaminophen, pharmaceutical organic waste compounds in addition to water pollutants. The photocatalytic capability of these NPs enhanced by upgrading the structural and morphological nature by opting different synthesis techniques as well preparing the nanocomposites of TiO 2 incorporation with other metals. The hydrothermally prepared polymeric membranes of polyvinylidene with TiO 2 NPs effectively (more than 90%) removed 17 α –ethinylestradiol from the contaminated water compared to Diclofenac under Uv irradiation. As it fronting the issue of electrostatic repulsion to all other membranes surface. The grafted membrane recorded highest degradation efficiency of 95.4% and best reusability of 90% saturated at fifth recycle for Methylene Blue azo dye compared with blending and dip coating membranes. The TiO 2 modified ultrafiltration membranes of Polyvinylidene Fluoride with Dopamine illustrated the 92.6% photocatalytic degradation of Sulfadiazine which is most hazardous and highly resistant to biodegradation. 100% degradation of phenol derivative by TiO 2 NPs hybrid polymeric films in visible light irradiation. The degradation efficiency of heterogenous photocatalyst Carbon–TiO 2 contained anatase and brookite phased for Methylene Blue dye was 100% while for Rhodamine–B higher than 99% in solar and more than 78% in LED light irradiation. The recent trends for improvisation of photocatalytic ability of TiO 2 NPs to enhance the quality of water and hence the mankind are elaborated.
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