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Shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy for characterization of plastics

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Researchers applied shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) to characterize plastic materials, reducing fluorescence interference that complicates standard Raman analysis. The method improved the identification of plastic types relevant to recycling and microplastic safety assessments.

Plastics are used around the world in applications, such as packaging and cosmetics. This raises concerns about the safety of plastic materials as they are in direct contact with humans. Discarded plastics can also end up in the oceans and cause harm to marine life. Proper recycling helps reducing plastic waste in the oceans and enabling the reuse of plastics. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful and nondestructive tool for characterizing many different materials so it can also help recognize and sort plastics. All plastics create a unique Raman spectrum and therefore they can be recognized. However, plastics also create a strong fluorescence backgroung into their Raman spectra that covers the Raman peaks. Therefore their Raman peaks are hard to detect from the spectra. Shifted-Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy (SERDS) is an effective tool to remove the fluorencesce background and make the Raman peaks more visible. In this thesis, Raman spectroscopy and SERDS are applied to recognize polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The measurements were conducted with an optical setup with a 785 nm tunable laser and they were repeated multiple times to obtain optimal Raman spectra as the Raman peaks of the plastics are weak. The measured data were reconstructed in Matlab software using the SERDS method to remove the fluorescence background. The measurements concluded that PS and PET can be recognized with Raman spectroscopy. The Raman peaks of both plastics were very weak in the measured spectra but with SERDS clear spectra could be obtained and the Raman peaks recognized. The positions of the Raman peaks matched well with reference data confirming that the goals of the measurements were achieved. Muoveja käytetään ympäri maailmaa erilaisissa sovelluksissa, kuten paketoinnissa ja kosmetiikassa. Tämä aiheuttaa huolta muovimateriaalien turvallisuudesta, sillä ne ovat suorassa kontaktissa ihmisten kanssa. Pois heitetyt muovit saattavat päätyä meriin ja aiheuttaa haittaa merieläimille. Kunnollinen muovien lajittelu auttaa vähentämään merien muovijätettä ja mahdollistaa muovien uudelleenkäytön. Raman-spektroskopia on tehokas työkalu monien materiaalien tunnistukseen ja sitä myötä niiden lajitteluun. Kaikkien muovien Raman-spektrit ovat uniikkeja ja siksi ne voidaan erottaa toisistaan. Muovien Raman spektrit peittyvät kuitenkin vahvaan fluoresenssitaustaan. Raman-erotusspektroskopia (SERDS) on tehokas menetelmä poistamaan fluoresenssitaustoja ja tuomaan Raman-piikit näkyviin. Tässä kandidaatintyössä Raman-spektroskopiaa ja SERDSiä käytetään Polystyreenin (PS) ja Polyetyleenitereftalaatin (PET) tunnistamiseen. Mittaukset suoritettiin optisella mittausjärjestelyllä käyttäen 785 nm laseria. Mittauksia toistettiin useaan kertaan, jotta muoveille saatiin optimaaliset Raman-spektrit, sillä muovien Raman-piikit ovat todella heikot. Mitatut datat rekonstruoitiin Matlab-ohjelmistolla käyttäen SERDS-tekniikkaa, jotta fluoresenssitausta saatiin spektreistä poistettua. Mittaukset vahvistivat, että PS ja PET voidaan tunnistaa Raman-spektroskopialla. Molempien muovien Raman-piikit olivat todella heikot mitatuissa datoissa, mutta SERDSin avulla saatiin muodostettua siistit Raman-spektrit molemmille. Raman-piikkien sijainnit pystyttiin tunnistamaan ja ne olivat hyvin linjassa vertausdatojen kanssa. Tämä vahvisti, että tutkimuksen tavoitteet saavutettiin.

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