0
Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Detection Methods Human Health Effects Marine & Wildlife Sign in to save

Differentiation of different subtypes of polystyrene microplastics using Nile red

The Analyst 2025
Xiao Hu, Chenfei Duan, Qiaocheng Feng, Heng Lu, Liangqia Guo

Summary

Researchers used the fluorescent dye Nile red with optimized concentration and temperature conditions to differentiate five subtypes of polystyrene microplastics—including high-impact, expandable, carboxylated, and aminated forms—based on differences in dye uptake efficiency.

Polymers
Study Type Environmental

Different subtypes of polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs) have shown distinct environmental behavior and different toxicity. The differentiation of different subtypes of PS MPs is highly desired but remains unachieved to date. Herein, we used the fluorescent dye Nile red (NR) to label different subtypes of PS MPs (general purpose polystyrene (GPPS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), expandable polystyrene (EPS), carboxylated polystyrene (PS-COOH) and aminated polystyrene (PS-NH2)) with predetermined dye concentration and dyeing temperature. Based on different dyeing efficiencies, five subtypes of PS MPs were differentiated in a short time by a fluorescence imaging method. The effects of various factors on the dyeing efficiency were also explored. Finally, this method was successfully applied to differentiate different subtypes of PS MPs in beach sand samples. This work pioneers the differentiation of different subtypes of PS MPs in the environment.

Share this paper