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Optimizing hexane, KOH, and H2O2 methods for lipid removal and organic matter digestion in microplastic analysis of human milk

Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences 2026 Score: 50 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Dhea Maisarah Ahmad Nasri, Norafiza Zainuddin, Norafiza Zainuddin, Riri Ezraneti, Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Dhea Maisarah Ahmad Nasri, Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Nur Rasyiqah Shamsul, Nur Rasyiqah Shamsul, Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Fikriah Faudzi, Fikriah Faudzi, Dhea Maisarah Ahmad Nasri, Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Dhea Maisarah Ahmad Nasri, Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Hamizah Ismail, Fikriah Faudzi, Fikriah Faudzi, Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Hamizah Ismail, Fikriah Faudzi, Fikriah Faudzi, Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Riri Ezraneti, Riri Ezraneti, Fikriah Faudzi, Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Fikriah Faudzi, Chingakham Chinglenthoiba Chingakham Chinglenthoiba

Summary

Researchers developed and optimized a method for isolating microplastics from human breast milk, a particularly challenging sample due to its high fat and protein content. Using a combination of hexane for lipid removal and potassium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide for organic matter digestion, they were able to successfully extract and identify microplastic particles. The study provides a validated analytical approach that could help future research assess infant exposure to microplastics through breastfeeding.

Microplastics (MPs) contamination is a growing emerging concern with potential health risks, particularly for vulnerable populations such as infants. This study aims to develop and optimize a method for isolating MPs from human breast milk, a complex biological matrix with high lipid and protein content that complicates detection. The goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined chemical extraction approach for isolating MPs and identifying their physical characteristics and polymer types. Breast milk samples were ethically obtained from the Halimatussaadia Mother’s Milk Centre (HMMC). Lipids were removed using hexane followed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatments to digest organic matter. The chemical extraction process was optimized with varying concentrations: hexane (0.5:1, 1:1), 30% H2O2 (1:2, 1:4), and 10% KOH (1:1, 1:3). The treated samples were analysed using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to identify MPs and determine polymer types. This study presents an optimized method combining hexane, KOH, and H2O2 to isolate microplastics (MPs) from human breast milk, identifying 12 MPs polymer types, including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This approach improves detection accuracy and provides a foundation for future research into potential health risks associated with MPs exposure in infants. However, due to technological limitations, the most prevalent MPs polymer in the samples could not be confirmed. Despite this, the study demonstrated the reliability of the combined hexane-KOH –H2O2 approach for isolating MPs from human milk. This study presents an effective and optimized method for isolating MPs from complex biological fluids such as human breast milk. The findings provide a foundation for future research investigating potential health risks associated with MPs exposure in infants, highlighting the need for larger sample sizes and more advanced analytical techniques.

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