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Nanoplastic paradox: unraveling the complex toxicity of nano-sized polyethylene
Summary
This review examined the paradoxical toxicity of nano-sized polyethylene particles, documenting that nanoplastic toxicity is not straightforward and depends on size, surface chemistry, concentration, and biological context—with much uncertainty remaining about how environmental polyethylene nanoplastics impact living organisms.
The increasing production of polyethylene has inevitably led to its accumulation in the environment, which gradually created a global environmental problem. Unfortunately, we are still far from fully understanding nanoplastics true toxicity.