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Small Particles, Big Problems: Polystyrene Nanoparticles Induce DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress, Migration, and Mitogenic Pathways Predominantly in Non-Malignant Lung Cells
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Small Particles, Big Problems: Polystyrene nanoparticles induce DNA damage, oxidative stress, migration, and mitogenic pathways predominantly in non-malignant lung cells
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Researchers exposed non-malignant and malignant lung cells as well as lung organoids to polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics at two sizes and measured DNA damage, oxidative stress, and cell migration. Non-malignant cells showed greater sensitivity than cancer cells, with the smaller 0.25 µm particles inducing more oxidative damage and migration at lower concentrations.
Small Particles, Big Problems: Polystyrene nanoparticles induce DNA damage, oxidative stress, migration, and mitogenic pathways predominantly in non-malignant lung cells
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Researchers found that polystyrene nanoparticles caused more DNA damage, oxidative stress, and cell migration in normal lung cells than in lung cancer cells. The healthy cells absorbed and processed the nanoparticles more actively, which paradoxically made them more vulnerable to damage. This is an important finding because it suggests that everyday nanoplastic exposure from the environment may pose greater risks to healthy lung tissue than previously assumed.
Cellular Uptake and Nuclear Accumulation of Polystyrene Nanoplastics in 3T3 Fibroblasts and Hepatocytes of Rattus norvegicus
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Scientists found that tiny plastic particles called nanoplastics can get inside liver and connective tissue cells from rats, and even sneak into the cell's nucleus, where DNA is stored. Cells exposed to these plastics showed signs of stress and damage, including swelling and higher rates of cell death, suggesting these ultra-small plastic particles may be more harmful than previously thought. While this study used animal cells rather than human cells, it raises important questions about what everyday exposure to nanoplastics (found in food packaging, water, and other sources) might mean for our own cellular health.
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Researchers investigated the pulmonary toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics smaller than 100 nm in lung epithelial cells and macrophages, finding that exposure triggered a hierarchical oxidative stress mechanism that drove acute to subacute lung injury through lipid peroxidation and inflammation.
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Researchers found that environmentally aged (oxidised) nano- and microplastics were rapidly taken up by human lung cells and caused significantly greater DNA damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial impairment compared to pristine particles, highlighting the heightened health risks of weathered airborne plastics.
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