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Microplastics and Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms
Summary
This review examines the emerging evidence linking micro- and nanoplastic exposure to atherosclerosis, the buildup of plaques in blood vessel walls. Researchers found that these particles can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact and may promote cardiovascular damage through inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune activation. While direct causation has not been established, the study highlights the need for further research into how plastic pollution may affect heart and blood vessel health.
Microplastics are emerging as mediators in the interaction between environmental pollutants and cardiovascular health. Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) can enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, or skin exposure, disrupting biological processes such as autophagy, inflammation, oxidative stress, immune activation, and vascular dysfunction. Therefore, MNPs might promote the development of cardiovascular diseases. The link between MNPs and cardiovascular diseases remains unclear, with no consistent data confirming a correlation between their concentration in tissues and disease onset. Continuously evolving analytical techniques to detect MNPs within human organs and tissues will help the design of prospective studies detailing the possible harm provided by different microplastics as well as their effects according to their physical properties and associated chemicals. In this review, we provide an update on the existing techniques for MNP detection and characterization to summarize the mechanisms linking these pollutants to human health, focusing on their effects on the cardiovascular system.