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Insights into the toxicological effects of nanomaterials on atherosclerosis: mechanisms involved and influence factors
Summary
Researchers reviewed how nanomaterials — tiny engineered particles including nanoplastics — can trigger or worsen atherosclerosis, the buildup of fatty plaques in arteries that leads to heart attacks and strokes. The review found that nanomaterials can damage the cells lining blood vessels and provoke chronic inflammation, raising concerns about the cardiovascular risks of widespread nanomaterial exposure.
Atherosclerosis is one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease and is driven by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in the arteries, which leads to stenosis and thrombosis. Researchers have been working to design multifunctional nanomedicines with the ability to target, diagnose, and treat atherosclerosis, but recent studies have also identified that nanomaterials can cause atherosclerosis. Therefore, this review aims to outline the molecular mechanisms and physicochemical properties of nanomaterials that promote atherosclerosis. By analyzing the toxicological effects of nanomaterials on cells involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis such as vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and immune cells, we aim to provide new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, and raise awareness of nanotoxicology to advance the clinical translation and sustainable development of nanomaterials.
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