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A polymer dissolution-based protocol for monitoring microplastics by pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Environmental Chemistry Letters 2026
Yanting Wang, Siyuan Jing, Ke Wang, Ke Wang, Yinjuan Chen, Kashif Hayat, Thomas Cherico Wanger, Weiping Liu, Yonghua Du

Summary

Researchers developed a pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry protocol using polymer-specific solvent dissolution to reliably quantify six common plastics in environmental soil samples, achieving 78-90% analytical recovery and detection limits as low as 0.014 micrograms.

The ubiquitous occurrence of microplastics in ecosystems and living organisms is an emerging issue of health concern, yet robust risk assessment is limited by the absence of standardized analytical methods. We developed a pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry protocol for the monitoring of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, and polycarbonate in environmental samples. For calibration, we employed polymer-specific solvent systems, including dichloromethane for polymethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate, tetrahydrofuran for polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride, and toluene for polyethylene and polypropylene. Results on spiked soil matrices showed 78.7–90.1% analytical recovery and polymer quantification limits ranging from 0.014 µg to 0.29 µg.

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