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Effect of polystyrene nanoplastics on the intestinal histopathology, oxidative stress, and microbiota of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis
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Researchers studied the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on the intestinal health of a freshwater fish species and found significant damage to the gut lining, including ruptured tissue and damaged nutrient-absorbing structures. The nanoplastics also increased oxidative stress markers and shifted the composition of gut bacteria, reducing beneficial species. The findings suggest that nanoplastic exposure can compromise both the physical barrier and microbial balance of fish intestines.
Even though extensive research exists on the negative impact of nanoplastics on fish, their effect on the microbiota and intestinal health of freshwater fish remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on the microbiota, oxidative stress, and intestinal morphology of the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis (A. yunnanensis) freshwater fish species. The findings demonstrated that PS-NPs induced structural changes (e.g., epithelial rupture and microvilli damage) in the intestinal tissue of A. yunnanensis. Meanwhile, they increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the intestine, but did not significantly cause changes in the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. The microbiome results indicated that PS-NPs increased gut microbial community diversity and Proteobacteria abundance while decreasing the Fusobacteriota content. Furthermore, PS-NPs significantly improved multiple microbial functions such as amino acid and lipid transfer and metabolism, as well as energy generation and conversion. Overall, this study revealed that PS-NPs caused oxidative stress and microbiota dysbiosis in A. yunnanensis, possibly causing intestinal epithelial damage. This research elucidates the mechanism underlying PS-NP toxicity to freshwater fish and its subsequent impact.
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Researchers exposed largemouth bass — a commercially important freshwater fish — to polystyrene nanoplastics (tiny plastic particles 100 nanometers in size) for up to 19 days, finding tissue damage in the gills, liver, and intestines along with elevated markers of cellular stress. While growth was not significantly affected, the fish adjusted their gut microbiome in response, suggesting nanoplastics trigger adaptive but potentially harmful physiological changes.
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Researchers exposed juvenile large yellow croaker fish to nano-sized polystyrene particles to assess impacts on intestinal health and growth. The study found that nanoplastics accumulated in the fish and caused disorders in digestion, antioxidant defenses, immune function, and intestinal microflora, indicating that nanoplastics can significantly impair gut health in commercially important marine fish species.
Adverse effects of polystyrene microplastics in the freshwater commercial fish, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Emphasis on physiological response and intestinal microbiome
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Researchers exposed grass carp to different sizes and concentrations of polystyrene microplastics for up to 14 days, followed by a depuration period, and assessed physiological and intestinal microbiome effects. The study found that microplastics caused histological damage, oxidative stress, and shifts in gut microbial communities, with smaller particles and higher concentrations producing more severe effects.
Impacts of polystyrene nanoplastics on zebrafish gut microbiota and mechanistic insights
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Zebrafish exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics showed significant changes in their gut bacteria, with beneficial species like Bifidobacterium declining and potentially harmful bacteria increasing. The nanoplastics physically entered intestinal tissues, causing visible damage to gut cells. This study is relevant to human health because our gut microbiome plays a key role in immunity and digestion, and similar disruption from nanoplastic exposure could contribute to digestive and immune problems.
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Researchers exposed swamp eels (Monopterus albus) to polystyrene nanoplastics and found inflammation in the liver and intestine, significant gene expression changes in the liver, and shifts in intestinal microbial community composition toward more pathogenic taxa. The results demonstrate that nanoplastic exposure disrupts apoptosis pathways, digestive enzyme activity, and gut microbiome health in this freshwater fish.
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