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Plastic pollution of beaches on urban and suburban water bodies in Minsk

Original title: ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЕ ПЛАСТИКОМ ПЛЯЖЕЙ ГОРОДСКИХ И ПРИГОРОДНЫХ ВОДОЕМОВ МИНСКА

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Researchers surveyed 16 beaches at reservoirs and a lake in and around Minsk in summer 2024, counting plastic litter larger than 5 mm. Cigarette filters, plastic bags, film and food packaging were the most common items found, with pollution levels varying by site and lower than typical sea beach levels but similar to other freshwater sites worldwide.

Study Type Environmental

Одним из источников загрязнения прибрежных зон водоемов и водотоков пластиком являются места массового отдыха населения. Представлены результаты изучения и оценки уровня загрязнения пляжей городских и пригородных водоемов г. Минска макропластиком. С учетом зарубежного опыта определены и апробированы методические подходы к выявлению и количественному учету отходов пластика и/или их фрагментов. С использованием маршрутного метода и метода площадок в летний период 2024 г. проведены полевые исследования на пляжах ряда водохранилищ в г. Минске и в его пригородной зоне (Цнянское, Дрозды, Вяча, Заславское, Волковичское) и оз. Комсомольское. Учитывался пластик размером более 5 мм (макропластик). Всего маршрутным методом обследовано 16 пляжей и заложена 31 площадка. Установлено, что на всех пляжах обнаруживается широкий перечень макропластика, представленного преимущественно фрагментами изделий (обрывками, обломками, пленками и т. д.) размером до 5 см. Показана широкая вариабельность содержания макропластика на обследованных пляжах, что обусловлено их природными особенностями и антропогенной нагрузкой. Приведены различия в уровнях загрязнения песчаных и травяных участков пляжей, обсуждаются факторы накопления отходов. Выявлены доминирующие виды отходов, к которым относятся фильтры от сигарет, полиэтиленовые пакеты, пленка и пищевая упаковка. Обнаружены изделия и фрагменты из полиэтилена, полипропилена, полистирола, полиэтилентерефталата, ацетата целлюлозы, лавсана и других полимеров. Полученные величины загрязнения макропластиком пляжей г. Минска сопоставимы с опубликованными данными для пресноводных водоемов других стран и в десятки и сотни раз ниже значений для морских пляжей. Обсуждаются возможные меры по предотвращению рассеяния отходов пластика в пределах пляжей, а также необходимость совершенствования подходов с целью агрегированной количественной оценки уровня их загрязнения. One of the sources of plastic pollution in the coastal zones of water bodies and watercourses are places of mass public recreation. The article presents the results of the study and assessment of the level of macroplastic pollution of the beaches of urban and suburban water bodies of Minsk. Taking into account international experience, methodological approaches to identifying and quantifying plastic waste and/or its fragments have been defined and tested. Field studies were conducted in the summer of 2024 on the beaches of several reservoirs in Minsk and its suburbs (Tsnyanskoe, Drozdy, Vyacha, Zaslavskoe, Volkovichskoe) and Lake Komsomolskoe using the route and site methods. Plastics larger than 5 mm (macroplastics) were counted. In total, 16 beaches were surveyed using the route method and 31 sites were established. It has been revealed that a wide range of macroplastics, represented primarily by fragments of products (scraps, debris, films, etc.) up to 5 cm in size, are found on all beaches. A wide variability in the content of macroplastics on the surveyed beaches is shown, which is due to their natural features and anthropogenic load. Differences in the pollution levels of sandy and grassy areas of the beaches are presented, and factors contributing to waste accumulation are discussed. The dominant types of waste identified include cigarette filters, plastic bags, film and food packaging. Products and fragments made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, cellulose acetate, lavsan, and other polymers were detected. The obtained values of macroplastic pollution of the beaches of Minsk are comparable with the published data for freshwater bodies in other countries and are tens and hundreds of times lower than the values for sea beaches. Possible measures to prevent the dispersion of plastic waste within beaches, as well as the need to improve approaches for the purpose of aggregate quantitative assessment of the level of their pollution are discussed.

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