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A 96-h Cyprinus carpio-derived cell-based platform for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity screening of plasticizers
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Researchers used carp fish cells in a lab test to measure toxicity from plasticizers, chemicals released as plastics break down. Four plasticizers caused cell damage and increased DNA breakage, with results similar to past tests done on whole fish. The method was also tested on herbicides, fungicides and insecticides.
Plasticizers released during the degradation of plastics and microplastics are emerging as new aquatic pollutants with potential ecotoxicity and genotoxicity. While conventional 96-h acute fish toxicity tests are essential for chemical risk assessment, they have limitations such as inter-individual variability, ethical issues, and relatively low throughput. In this study, we established a 96-h cell-based platform using cells derived from Cyprinus carpio (C. carpio) to screen for plasticizer-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Four representative plasticizers—dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), tributyl phosphate (TBP), and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP)—were evaluated. The results of the 96-h ecotoxicity assessment using C. carpio cells showed that the semi-effective concentration (EC₅₀) was similar to the existing lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) reported in various fish species. In addition, this platform was found to be suitable for genotoxicity assessment, as comet tail lengths increased by 124.46%, 142.68%, 139.13%, and 143.22%, respectively, compared to the DMSO control group when exposed to plasticizers known to be genotoxic, such as DBP, DIBP, TBP, and TBEP. This evaluation platform was not limited to assessing the toxicity of plasticizers; it was also applied to evaluate the toxicity of herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. This study establishes a 96-h C. carpio-derived cell platform for the controlled assessment of plasticizer-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. This novel platform may serve as a complementary high-throughput screening tool for conventional fish-based toxicity testing.
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Scientists exposed carp (a common fish) to microplastic pollution and found it caused increasing DNA damage in their blood cells the longer and more heavily they were exposed. While this study was done in fish, not humans, it adds to growing evidence that microplastics in our water can cause genetic damage in living creatures, raising questions about what similar exposure might mean for people, since we're also consuming microplastics through food, water, and the environment.
Bisphenol A Induces Histopathological, Hematobiochemical Alterations, Oxidative Stress, and Genotoxicity in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
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Researchers investigated the toxic effects of bisphenol A, a plastics-related endocrine disruptor, on common carp at different dose levels over 30 days. The study found dose-dependent reductions in blood cell counts, increased oxidative stress in the brain, liver, gills, and kidneys, and significant tissue damage, indicating that BPA exposure poses risks to aquatic organisms.
Ecotoxicological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on common carp: Insights into blood parameters, DNA damage, and gene expression
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Exposing common carp to polystyrene nanoplastics caused significant DNA damage in blood and brain cells, along with changes in genes related to immune function and stress response. Higher concentrations led to more severe effects, and the nanoplastics also disrupted liver antioxidant defenses. Since carp are widely consumed fish, these findings raise questions about the safety of fish from nanoplastic-contaminated waters for human consumption.
Ecotoxicological Effects of Polystyrene Particles on Cyprinus carpio: A Laboratory Assessment
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Researchers exposed common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to polystyrene particles in a controlled laboratory setting, measuring survival, growth, histological damage, and oxidative stress markers over a 30-day period. Exposed fish showed liver and gill tissue damage alongside elevated oxidative stress enzymes, demonstrating that polystyrene microplastics are harmful to freshwater fish at tested concentrations.
Revealing the hidden threats: Genotoxic effects of microplastics on freshwater fish
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Researchers exposed a common freshwater fish to microplastics and found evidence of DNA damage in blood cells, along with changes in liver function and oxidative stress markers. The study took a comprehensive approach, measuring effects from the molecular level up to whole-organism responses. These genotoxic effects (damage to genetic material) in fish raise questions about whether chronic microplastic exposure could pose similar risks to other organisms, including humans.
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