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Probe Cytotoxic and Oxidative Stress Effects of Nanoplastics on Caco-2 Cells: Insights from Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning
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Human intestinal cells (Caco-2) exposed to polystyrene nano- and microparticles showed oxidative stress and cell death. Pretreating the cells with resveratrol lowered reactive oxygen species caused by amine-modified nanoplastics. The study also used Raman spectroscopy with machine learning to detect the damage.
Nanoplastics and microplastics have become an increasing ecological and health concern due to their widespread presence in the environment and food chain. In this study, Caco-2 cells were used as an in vitro model of the human intestinal epithelium to investigate the cytotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles and microparticles of varying sizes, concentrations, and surface modification. Oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated following particle exposure. Raman spectroscopy, combined with machine learning analysis, was employed to detect and characterize biochemical alterations in the cells. Several peak ratios were selected to cluster data depending on size. A correlation between apoptosis and both concentration and Raman score was established highlighting its potential as a non-invasive tool to monitor nanoparticle-induced cellular damage. Resveratrol pretreatment reduced some of these harmful effects of amine-modified nanoplastics, reducing reactive oxygen species generation. This study demonstrates the potential of combining Raman spectroscopy and machine learning to assess the cytotoxic effects of micro- and nanoplastics and identifies protective strategies such as antioxidant pretreatment.
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Probing Cytotoxic and Oxidative Stress Effects of Nanoplastics on Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells: Insights from Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning
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Scientists exposed human intestinal cells to tiny plastic particles (nanoplastics) in a lab dish and found that they caused cell damage and stress, with higher amounts of plastic causing more harm. Using a laser-based technique combined with computer analysis, researchers could detect specific chemical changes in the cells' fats and proteins caused by the plastic exposure, offering a new way to track how these ubiquitous pollutants might affect our gut cells. Since we regularly ingest microplastics and nanoplastics through food, water, and packaging, this research helps build the case that these particles could pose real risks to digestive health
Machine Learning-Aided 3D Dynamic SERS Strategy for Physiological Mapping: Biotoxicity of Environmentally Dimensional Aged Nanoplastics and Corresponding Protein Corona Complexes
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Researchers used a new combination of 3D surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and machine learning to study the toxicity of nanoplastics on cells. They found that aged nanoplastics and those coated with proteins from the environment caused different types of cell damage depending on the plastic type. This approach could help scientists more rapidly assess the biological hazards of nanoplastics found in the environment.
Characterizing nanoplastics‐induced stress and its SERS fingerprint in an intestinal membrane model
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Researchers used SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering) to detect nanoplastic-induced stress in a Caco-2 intestinal epithelial membrane model, finding that amine-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles disrupted barrier function and produced distinct spectral fingerprints in the extracellular medium, demonstrating a non-invasive method for monitoring nanoplastic cellular stress.
Cell Responseto Nanoplastics and Their Carrier EffectsTracked Real-Timely with Machine Learning-Driven Smart Surface-EnhancedRaman Spectroscopy Slides
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Researchers developed smart SERS slides to monitor in real-time how cells respond to polystyrene nanoplastics and their ability to carry contaminants (the 'carrier effect'). The platform captured intracellular metabolic changes at the molecular level, showing nanoplastics extended cell cycle S and G2 phases in lung cells and that carried pollutants caused additional distinct cellular effects.
Label-free stimulated Raman scattering imaging of intracellular microplastics in mammalian cells
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Researchers used label-free stimulated Raman scattering imaging to visualize microplastic uptake and distribution inside mammalian cells without fluorescent labels, finding that intracellular microplastics were associated with elevated reactive oxygen species, reduced cell viability, and altered lipid metabolism.
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