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Comparative analysis of microplastic release under real-use simulations in disposable polystyrene containers

2026
David Portillo, Mishell Cabrera, Bryan Valencia, Pedro Cadena

Summary

Those foam takeout containers shed tiny plastic particles into your food even before you take a bite—just carrying them releases about 25 microplastic pieces. But when you actually eat from them, using a fork or knife to cut and scoop food, that number nearly triples to about 73 pieces, because scratching the container's surface releases even more plastic. Since polystyrene has been linked to cancer risk when ingested, this suggests that common foam food containers may be adding more microplastics to our meals than we realize, especially with everyday use.

Polymers

Polystyrene is a potential carcinogen when ingested; however, the containers in which food is transported and consumed are made of polystyrene. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the release of microplastics (MPs) using two treatment conditions: during food transport and when food is consumed from the container, which involves mechanical damage caused by plastic utensils. Twenty new polystyrene containers were analysed (n = 10 per treatment). In the first group, the containers were washed and the water was filtered, whilst in the second group, gelatine was used to simulate solid food and cuts and pinching were applied for three minutes. The results showed average releases of 25.4 ± 9.3 MPs during transport and 72.7 ± 29.1 MPs during consumption, with significant differences (H = 15.42; p = 0.0015). Polystyrene releases MPs even without handling, and mechanical damage triples its emission, calling into question its safety for food use and its environmental sustainability.

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