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Upcycling grapefruit peel pectin, curcumin, and Zn-CD into a high-performance biodegradable film for meat preservation and colorimetric freshness tracking

Food Research International 2026
Lihua Fan, Yixin Dong, Luyao Zhang, Wenrui Li, Di Wu, Guoliang Li

Summary

Scientists turned grapefruit peel (usually thrown away) into a smart food wrap that keeps meat fresher longer and changes color as a built-in "freshness alarm," turning yellow to reddish-brown when pork starts to spoil. Unlike regular plastic wrap, this film breaks down naturally in soil, offering a step toward cutting plastic waste and the microplastics that come with it, while also helping shoppers spot spoiled meat before it becomes a food safety risk.

Polymers

To mitigate meat spoilage and plastic pollution, a multifunctional intelligent/active packaging film was developed using pectin extracted from grapefruit peel as the film matrix, combined with grapefruit peel residue-derived Zn-doped carbon dots (Zn-CD) and curcumin. Zn-CD and curcumin synergistically altered the microstructure of the pectin film, significantly enhancing its mechanical strength, UV-blocking performance, water/oxygen barrier properties, and antioxidant/antibacterial activities. The PC-5%CE-CD film exhibited sensitive pH/ammonia-responsive color changes from yellow to reddish-brown, enabling real-time visual monitoring of pork freshness with a strong correlation between color change and TVB-N accumulation. Moreover, the film effectively inhibited microbial growth, reduced protein degradation, and extended the shelf life of chilled pork, outperforming pure pectin controls. In addition, compared with polyethylene film, the PC-5%CE-CD film was easily degradable in soil. Therefore, the PC-5%CE-CD composite can serve as a promising multifunctional and environmentally friendly sustainable food packaging material for intelligent active packaging applications.

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