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Recent advances in biopolymer-based bio-nanocomposite coatings for biodegradable Nonwoven textiles: materials, performance, and sustainability
Summary
This review paper rounds up current research on eco-friendly coatings for disposable textiles like medical wipes and hygiene products, aiming to replace traditional treatments that rely on "forever chemicals" (PFAS) and release microplastics into water. This matters because those chemicals have been linked to health problems and don't break down in the environment, so finding plant-based, water-friendly coating alternatives could mean safer everyday products and less pollution in our water supply. The paper doesn't present new lab results but instead maps out promising materials and remaining challenges for making these safer textiles a practical reality.
Abstract The growing environmental footprint of conventional textile coatings has intensified the search for sustainable and biodegradable alternatives. Solvent-based finishing systems, persistent functional chemicals, and emission-intensive processing routes contribute to volatile organic compound emissions, wastewater ecotoxicity, microplastic release, and barriers to textile circularity. In particular, the extensive use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in textile finishes has raised serious concerns due to their environmental persistence and adverse health effects. In parallel, biodegradable nonwoven textiles, especially those based on polylactic acid, have attracted increasing attention for medical, hygiene, and disposable applications owing to their bio-based origin, compostability, and industrial relevance. This review evaluates advances in biopolymer-based bio-nanocomposite coatings for biodegradable nonwoven textiles, with emphasis on water-based systems, bio-derived polymer matrices, and environmentally benign functional additives. Sustainability aspects related to material selection, processing routes, biodegradability, end-of-life scenarios, and circular economy compatibility are discussed, highlighting current challenges and future opportunities for responsible textile coating technologies.