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Delta-Front Cities as Dynamic Receptors of Microplastic Fluxes: Seasonal Source Switching across Multioutlet Deltas

Environmental Science & Technology 2026
Jiao Meng, Xiaohui Wang, Lixin Zhu, Ruiming Wu, Chunhua Jiang, Danish Ather, Nian Wei, Khalida Jabeen, Daoji Li

Summary

Researchers studying Macao's coastal waters found that microplastic pollution levels shift dramatically with the seasons, with certain river outlets in the Pearl River Delta "taking turns" as the main pollution source depending on winds and water currents throughout the year. Microplastic levels in the bay were nearly three times higher than in open water, with particle counts spiking sharply in autumn—meaning coastal communities near river deltas may face far greater exposure through seafood and water at certain times of year than others. This matters because it suggests pollution control efforts need to target the right river sources at the right season, rather than treating microplastic pollution as

Study Type Environmental

Delta-front coastal cities are terminal receptors of riverine microplastics (MPs), yet transport pathways linking multioutlet deltas to nearshore exposure under seasonal hydrodynamic variability remain poorly resolved. Using Macao in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) as a case study, we integrated four-season observations, high-resolution ROMS backward particle tracking, and literature-based fingerprinting. Mean MP abundance in Macao Bay (1.05 ± 1.18 n/m 3 ) was 2.7 times higher than offshore (0.39 ± 0.57 n/m 3 ). Pump sampling revealed subsurface peaks in autumn (up to 15.92 ± 39.58 n/m 3 ). Piecewise structural equation modeling indicated that thermohaline variability regulates vertical sorting. Buoyant PP/PE assemblages (∼45–60%) dominate in summer, while denser PET/PS particles increase in winter. Particle tracking identified a seasonal source-switching pattern: western PRD outlets dominate in winter, whereas the Modaomen outlet contributes most in spring and summer, driven by plume orientation and wind forcing. Literature synthesis corroborates the consistency between modeled pathways and outlet-specific fingerprints. These results suggest that MP delivery is governed by seasonally reconfigured hydrodynamic connectivity rather than static sources. This framework shifts MP attribution from static bulk flux estimation toward dynamically constrained source-pathway-receptor linkages, providing a basis for seasonally targeted MP mitigation in complex deltaic systems.

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