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Microplastics and Their Toxicological Impacts on Human Health: An Overview
Summary
Researchers synthesize recent literature on microplastic contamination, covering sources, environmental distribution, detection methods, and mechanistic evidence linking MP exposure to oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial damage, and potential neurotoxic and carcinogenic effects across multiple human organ systems.
Microplastics (MPs) represent a pervasive and complex environmental contaminant with far-reaching implications for ecosystem and human health. This literature review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the sources, environmental distribution, and toxicological impacts of microplastics on human health, with a particular focus on recent empirical findings, mechanistic insights, detection methodologies, and emerging research frontiers. The review also highlights methodological advances, policy implications, and future directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the risks posed by microplastic pollution to human populations.