Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Environmental Chemical Contaminants in Food: Review of a Global Problem

This study measured microplastic contamination in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes and found plastic particles present across all five lakes. The majority of particles were fragments and fibers, with the highest concentrations found near urban areas and in downstream lakes. The findings indicate that the Great Lakes are a significant reservoir of microplastic pollution, with densities comparable to those reported in marine environments.

2019 Journal of Toxicology 359 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic contamination in Lake Winnipeg, Canada

Researchers investigated microplastic contamination in Lake Winnipeg, Canada, finding widespread pollution across the lake with fibers as the dominant particle type, reflecting inputs from the surrounding watershed and atmospheric deposition.

2017 Environmental Pollution 458 citations
Article Tier 2

Towards a management strategy for microplastic pollution in the Laurentian Great Lakes - Monitoring (Part 1)

This review outlines a proposed monitoring strategy for microplastic contamination in the Laurentian Great Lakes, addressing sampling methods, key knowledge gaps, and recommendations to support effective management of plastic pollution in this major freshwater system.

2021 Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastics in Paradise: Quantifying Microplastics in Lake Champlain Beaches

Researchers quantified and characterized microplastics on Lake Champlain beaches, finding contamination at all sampled sites with fragments and fibers as the dominant particle types. The study documents that even inland freshwater shorelines accumulate significant microplastic loads over time.

2025 SUNY Digital Repository Support (State University of New York System)
Article Tier 2

Source-specific categorization of microplastics in nearshore surface waters of the Great Lakes

A source-specific characterization study of microplastics in nearshore surface waters of the Great Lakes found the highest abundances near urban centers, with distinct polymer and color signatures linking particles to packaging, fibers, and industrial sources.

2023 Journal of Great Lakes Research 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic debris in the Laurentian Great Lakes: A review

This review synthesized available data on plastic debris in the Laurentian Great Lakes, including both surface water surveys and shoreline monitoring, finding levels comparable to those in oceanic garbage patches in some areas. The review highlighted the Great Lakes as a significant freshwater plastic pollution hotspot requiring targeted research and management.

2015 Journal of Great Lakes Research 415 citations
Article Tier 2

Global microplastic contamination in freshwater lakes: Spatial patterns, environmental drivers, and methodological challenges

This review systematically analyzed 84 studies covering more than 300 lakes worldwide to assess global microplastic contamination in freshwater lake systems. Surface water MP concentrations ranged from below 0.001 to over 200 MP/L, with fibers and fragments dominating, polyethylene and polypropylene most common, and highest levels found in shallow, lowland, and eutrophic systems near urbanized shorelines.

2025 Environmental Research
Article Tier 2

Spatial Distribution of Microplastics in Surficial Benthic Sediment of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie

The spatial distribution, concentration, particle size, and polymer composition of microplastics in surficial benthic sediments of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie were investigated. Fibers and lines were the most abundant particle type and microplastics were detected in all samples, establishing baseline data for these major freshwater bodies.

2020 Environmental Science & Technology 129 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Microbead Accumulation in our Freshwaters:North American Great Lakes Assessments and Perspective

This paper reviews microplastic sampling studies across the North American Great Lakes, one of the world's largest freshwater systems. High concentrations of plastic microbeads and fibers were found even in remote nature reserves, far from major urban centers. The authors call for stricter product regulations and improved wastewater treatment to reduce microplastic input to these vital water bodies.

2021 2 citations
Article Tier 2

A survey on the effect of plastic pollution in the Great Lakes

This review surveys plastic pollution in the Great Lakes of North America, examining the distribution of micro-, meso-, and macroplastics across these ecologically and economically important freshwater systems. The Great Lakes contain significant quantities of microplastics from surrounding urban and industrial areas, threatening freshwater biodiversity and drinking water quality.

2021 Journal of Future Sustainability 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic contamination in Great Lakes fish

Researchers examined microplastic contamination in seven species of fish from Lake Ontario and Lake Superior, finding anthropogenic particles in the gastrointestinal tracts of fish from both lakes. The study documented higher concentrations in Lake Ontario, likely reflecting greater surrounding population density and urban input, and confirmed the particles were synthetic polymers through chemical analysis.

2021 Conservation Biology 92 citations
Article Tier 2

Inventory and transport of plastic debris in the Laurentian Great Lakes

Researchers modeled plastic debris transport in the Laurentian Great Lakes using hydrodynamic current data and population-based input estimates, calculating that approximately 9,887 metric tons of plastic enter the lakes annually, with surface microplastic mass concentrated in Lakes Erie and Huron based on sampling-calibrated simulations.

2016 Marine Pollution Bulletin 120 citations
Article Tier 2

Analyzing Water Quality and Identifying Microfibers in the Lake Michigan Watershed

This study analyzed water samples from the Lake Michigan watershed for microplastics and microfibers, finding contamination at multiple sites across the region. The results contribute to growing evidence that the Great Lakes and their tributaries are significantly affected by microplastic pollution from surrounding urban and industrial areas.

2017 ValpoScholar (Valparaiso University)
Article Tier 2

An analysis of microlitter and microplastics from Lake Superior beach sand and surface-water

Researchers sampled beach sand and surface water in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore of Lake Superior, finding microlitter particles including microplastics even in this relatively pristine Great Lakes environment, with samples collected in May and July 2018.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 63 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in 132 Iowa lakes and variability in relation to abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic factors

Researchers surveyed microplastic concentrations across 132 lakes in Iowa, finding that microplastics were nearly ubiquitous even in rural, minimally developed lakes — though concentrations were higher in lakes near urban areas, agricultural land, and higher human population density. Fiber-type microplastics were most common, consistent with patterns seen globally. The broad survey across diverse lake types provides compelling evidence that microplastic contamination of freshwater lakes is widespread across the American Midwest, not limited to industrial or highly urbanized regions.

2025 Environmental Pollution 1 citations
Article Tier 2

On the likelihood of ecological risks from microplastics in the Laurentian Great Lakes

This review assessed the likelihood of ecological risks from microplastics in the Laurentian Great Lakes, identifying significant challenges for risk assessment due to inconsistent data quality and lack of standardized methods, and calling for policy development to address microplastic pollution in these iconic ecosystems.

2022 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

A Multicompartment Assessment of Microplastic Contamination in Semi-remote Boreal Lakes

Researchers assessed microplastic contamination across multiple compartments of semi-remote boreal lakes in northwestern Ontario, Canada. The study found that microplastics were present even in these relatively isolated oligotrophic lakes, with fibers being the dominant particle type, suggesting atmospheric deposition and limited local sources as likely pathways.

2024 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the Great Lakes: Environmental, Health, and Socioeconomic Implications and Future Directions

This review examined the environmental, health, and socioeconomic implications of microplastic pollution in the Great Lakes, where plastics make up the majority of litter. The study highlights that microplastics can be taken up by aquatic organisms and enter the food chain, and may also serve as vectors for chemical pollutants and pathogens, raising concerns about both ecosystem and human health impacts.

2022 ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 46 citations
Article Tier 2

Distribution and Modeled Transport of Plastic Pollution in the Great Lakes, the World's Largest Freshwater Resource

Researchers conducted field surveys of plastic pollution across the Great Lakes and associated rivers, combining surface trawl measurements with hydrodynamic transport modelling to characterise concentrations, fluxes, and pathways of plastic litter from freshwater to the ocean.

2017 Frontiers in Environmental Science 161 citations
Article Tier 2

Research status and prospects of microplastic pollution in lakes

This review systematically covers microplastic pollution research in lakes, including sampling and identification methods, distribution patterns, ecological effects, and knowledge gaps, identifying lakes as important but understudied sinks for microplastic contamination.

2023 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 16 citations
Article Tier 2

A comparative review of microplastics in lake systems from different countries and regions

Researchers reviewed microplastic contamination data from lake systems across multiple countries, finding that abundance, size, and polymer type varied widely by region and identifying land use, population density, and hydrological connectivity as key drivers of lake microplastic levels.

2021 Chemosphere 206 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in lakes and rivers: an issue of emerging significance to limnology

Researchers found that microplastic concentrations in freshwater lakes and rivers can exceed those of living organisms like zooplankton, with sediment levels matching the most contaminated marine sites, establishing microplastics as a significant issue for limnology.

2021 Environmental Reviews 141 citations
Article Tier 2

Categorization of plastic debris on sixty-six beaches of the Laurentian Great Lakes, North America

Researchers categorized 21,592 plastic debris items from 66 beaches across the Laurentian Great Lakes and found that pre-production plastic pellets dominated at 58% of total items, with the highest densities exceeding 800 items/m2 at beaches near industrial areas in Ontario, Canada.

2022 Environmental Research Letters 23 citations
Article Tier 2

Direct Microplastic Inputs from Wastewater Treatment Plants to the Laurentian Great Lakes

Despite retaining over 70% of incoming microplastics, wastewater treatment plants on the Great Lakes still discharge substantial quantities into this critical freshwater system, making them important targets for reducing microplastic pollution.

2023