Papers

20 results
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Article Tier 2

Impact of Nanoplastics on Marine Life: A Review

This review summarizes current knowledge about the effects of nanoplastics on marine organisms, including impacts on feeding, reproduction, growth, and cellular-level toxicity. Evidence indicates that nanoplastics can be more harmful than larger microplastics due to their ability to cross biological barriers and accumulate in tissues, though more research is needed on real-world exposure levels.

2023 Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics impact on marine biota: A review

Researchers reviewed the emerging toxicological literature on nanoplastics in marine ecosystems, distinguishing primary nanoplastics (manufactured at nanoscale) from secondary nanoplastics (fragmented from larger debris), and summarizing how nanoscale size changes particle reactivity and bioavailability in ways that differ substantially from their macro- and microscale counterparts.

2021 Environmental Pollution 213 citations
Article Tier 2

Introduction to the Series on “Current Knowledge in Marine Microplastics—Pollution Down to the Nanoscale”

This is an introduction to a scientific article series focused on marine microplastic pollution extending down to the nanoscale. It sets the stage for research addressing how nanoplastics — the smallest plastic particles — contaminate marine environments and interact with marine organisms.

2021 Biological Bulletin 1 citations
Article Tier 2

The toxicity of nanoplastics to marine organisms

This collection assesses the current knowledge on the toxicity of nanoplastics to marine organisms, examining both physical and chemical effects of these tiny plastic fragments that are smaller than microplastics. The monograph identifies the most pressing research gaps for understanding how nanoplastics affect marine ecosystems.

2014 3 citations
Article Tier 2

The Environmental Impacts of Nanoplastics in Marine Ecosystems

This review examined how nanoplastics—generated by degradation of larger plastics—penetrate biological barriers, accumulate in tissues, contribute to biomagnification, and disrupt marine food chains, highlighting their distinct ecotoxicological mechanisms compared to larger microplastics.

2025
Article Tier 2

Micro- and nano-plastics in marine environment: Source, distribution and threats — A review

This review examines the sources, distribution, and threats of micro- and nanoplastics in the marine environment. Researchers found that microplastics are nearly ubiquitous in ocean ecosystems, causing harm to marine animals ranging from malnutrition to chemical poisoning. The study also highlights that nanoplastics can penetrate biological barriers, including the gastrointestinal and blood-brain barriers, and accumulate in vital organs.

2019 The Science of The Total Environment 754 citations
Article Tier 2

A critical review on nanoplastics and its future perspectives in the marine environment

This review provides a comprehensive look at nanoplastics, plastic particles smaller than one micrometer, and their fate in marine environments. Researchers found that nanoplastics can originate from the breakdown of larger plastic debris and may carry harmful chemical additives and absorbed pollutants on their surfaces. The evidence indicates that due to their extremely small size, nanoplastics can cross biological barriers and accumulate in marine organisms, raising concerns about food chain contamination.

2023 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 16 citations
Review Tier 2

Microplastic pollution and its impacts on marine life and human health: a literature review

This literature review summarized how microplastics are generated from larger plastic debris and the physical and toxic harms they cause to marine organisms and humans. In humans, particles smaller than 20 micrometers can penetrate cell membranes and potentially reach internal organs.

2021 IJS - International Journal of Sciences 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of Nanoplastics on Aquatic Organisms

This review summarizes how nanoplastics — plastic particles smaller than 1 micrometer — affect aquatic organisms, highlighting their ability to penetrate cell membranes, accumulate inside organisms, and cause oxidative stress and reproductive harm.

2022 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Impact of Micro and Nano Plastics on Ocean Environment

This review examines the impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on ocean environments, covering their sources, fragmentation from larger plastic debris, effects on marine species across the food chain from plankton to fish, and implications for ocean ecosystem health.

2024
Article Tier 2

Ecotoxicological Impacts of Micro and Nanoplastics on Marine Fauna

This review examines the ecotoxicological impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on marine fauna, detailing how these particles enter food chains through ingestion, accumulate across trophic levels, and cause physical and chemical harm including oxidative stress, inflammation, reproductive disruption, and mortality. The authors highlight the compounding threat when plastics act as vectors for adsorbed pollutants.

2020 Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography 17 citations
Article Tier 2

An overview of the effects of nanoplastics on marine organisms

This review summarizes current knowledge about how nanoplastics affect marine organisms, from plankton to fish. Researchers highlight that these extremely small plastic particles are difficult to detect and measure, meaning their true environmental presence is likely underestimated. The study warns that the effects of nanoplastics on marine life could indirectly impact human health through the seafood supply chain.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 109 citations
Article Tier 2

Ingestion of Microplastics by Marine Animals

This review examines microplastic ingestion by marine animals, assessing how the small size and ubiquity of microplastics in oceans leads to widespread consumption across species, with effects ranging from physical gut blockage to chemical toxicity at organism and ecosystem levels.

2022 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Biological Effects of Microplastics: A Review.

Researchers reviewed how microplastics harm a wide range of living things, finding they cause physical damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and reproductive problems in aquatic animals, while also carrying toxic chemicals and dangerous bacteria into organisms. Major gaps remain in understanding the effects of long-term low-dose exposure and the risks posed by even tinier nanoplastics.

2025 Mağallaẗ ʻulūm al-rāfidayn
Article Tier 2

Toxic Effects of Nanoplastics on Animals: Comparative Insights into Microplastic Toxicity

This review compares the toxic effects of nanoplastics versus microplastics across mammals, fish, and invertebrates, finding that nanoplastics generally cause more severe harm because their tiny size allows them to cross biological barriers and enter cells more easily. In mammals, nanoplastics can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause brain inflammation, liver and kidney damage, and reproductive problems that can even pass to future generations. The findings suggest that as plastics in the environment break down into ever-smaller particles, the health risks may actually increase.

2025 Environments 6 citations
Review Tier 2

Micro Plastics in The Marine Environment: A Review of Their Effects on Marine Organisms and Ecosystems

This review examines the effects of microplastics on marine organisms and ecosystems, summarizing evidence for MP ingestion across trophic levels, physical and chemical harm to marine life, and the pathways through which marine MP pollution threatens biodiversity and fisheries.

2025 International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics and marine organisms: What has been studied?

Researchers reviewed published data on nanoplastic toxicity to marine organisms, finding evidence of harmful effects ranging from reproductive disruption to death across multiple phyla and noting that nanoplastics' small size makes them prone to bioaccumulation — while emphasizing that no standardized detection methods or protective regulations yet exist.

2019 Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 256 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and nanoplastic induced cellular toxicity in mammals: A review

This review examines research on how micro- and nanoplastics cause cellular damage in mammalian systems, covering both laboratory and animal studies. Evidence indicates that these particles can trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage in cells, with smaller nanoplastics generally showing greater toxicity due to their ability to penetrate cell membranes more readily.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 449 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in the marine environment: Current trends in environmental pollution and mechanisms of toxicological profile

This review examines current trends in marine microplastic pollution and the mechanisms through which these particles cause toxicity in marine organisms. Researchers found that microplastics can cause physical damage to digestive tracts, transfer absorbed chemical pollutants to tissues, and trigger inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. The study highlights the growing scale of the problem as global plastic production continues to rise.

2019 Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 783 citations
Article Tier 2

A Latest Review on Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Aquatic Environment: The Comparative Impact of Size on Environmental Behavior and Toxic Effect

This review compares how micro-sized and nano-sized plastic particles behave differently in water environments and affect aquatic organisms. Smaller nanoplastics are generally more harmful because they can cross biological barriers, enter cells, and accumulate in tissues more readily than larger microplastics. The size-dependent differences in toxicity highlighted in this review are important for understanding which plastic particles pose the greatest risk to human health through contaminated water and seafood.

2024 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 16 citations