Papers

20 results

Showing papers similar to Not just settling

Clear
|
Article Tier 2

Seafloor microplastic hotspots controlled by deep-sea circulation

Researchers discovered that deep-sea ocean currents, not just vertical settling from the surface, play a major role in concentrating microplastics on the seafloor, creating pollution hotspots with the highest concentrations ever recorded in any seafloor setting. These thermohaline-driven bottom currents sort and accumulate microplastics in the same areas where they deliver oxygen and nutrients to deep-sea life. The findings suggest that the most biologically rich areas of the deep ocean floor are likely also the most contaminated with microplastics.

2020 Science 754 citations
Article Tier 2

Dispersion, Accumulation, and the Ultimate Fate of Microplastics in Deep-Marine Environments: A Review and Future Directions

This review synthesizes knowledge about how microplastics are transported to and accumulate in deep-marine environments, which may serve as the ultimate sink for ocean plastic pollution. Researchers integrated sedimentological models to explain how ocean currents, density flows, and settling processes deliver microplastics to the seafloor. The study highlights that deep-sea environments, often considered pristine, are increasingly contaminated with microplastic particles.

2019 Frontiers in Earth Science 436 citations
Article Tier 2

Dispersion, accumulation and the ultimate fate of microplastics in deep-marine environments: A review and future directions

This review synthesized existing knowledge on microplastic distribution in deep-marine environments, integrating process-based sedimentological transport models with field data to outline how microplastics disperse, accumulate, and become buried in seafloor sediments, and identifying key gaps for future research.

2019 23 citations
Article Tier 2

Deep-sea microplastics aging and migration exerted by seamount topography and biotopes in the subtropic Northwest Pacific Ocean

This study investigated how seamount topography influences the aging and vertical migration of microplastics in the deep sea, finding that seamount-induced flow patterns promote particle sinking and accumulation of aged microplastics in benthic zones. The work highlights deep-sea seamounts as hotspots for microplastic deposition.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Deep-ocean seafloor islands of plastics

Deep-ocean sediment transport processes concentrate microplastics into underwater islands or hotspots, similar to how they concentrate fine organic particles, making the deep seafloor a major repository for plastic pollution.

2020 Science 33 citations
Article Tier 2

Fate of microplastics in deep-sea sediments and its influencing factors: Evidence from the Eastern Indian Ocean

Surface sediments from 26 sites in the deep basin of the Eastern Indian Ocean were analyzed for microplastics, finding concentrations ranging widely and influenced by water depth, distance from land, and ocean current patterns. The study extends deep-sea microplastic monitoring to the Indian Ocean and identifies oceanographic transport as a key control on plastic distribution.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 70 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in turbidity currents: transport and sedimentation

Researchers investigated the transport and sedimentation behavior of microplastics within turbidity currents, examining how these high-density submarine sediment gravity flows carry MP particles from continental shelves to deep-sea environments and what controls where MPs ultimately deposit.

2025
Article Tier 2

Prevalence of small high-density microplastics in the continental shelf and deep sea waters of East Asia

Researchers collected water samples at multiple depth layers across the continental shelf and deep sea of East Asia and found that small, high-density microplastics were more abundant in deeper waters, suggesting vertical sinking pathways concentrate certain particle types in the deep ocean.

2021 Water Research 112 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments and organisms of the Western Pacific Ocean

Researchers collected deep-sea sediment and organism samples from multiple sites in the western Pacific Ocean and found microplastics at all locations sampled, with depth, distance from land, and current patterns influencing accumulation, confirming the western Pacific deep sea as a significant microplastic sink.

2020 Environmental Pollution 378 citations
Article Tier 2

Transport and Settling of Microplastics in Turbidity Currents

Researchers investigated the transport and settling behavior of microplastics in turbidity currents to help explain the 'missing plastic' paradox, where far less plastic remains at the ocean surface than the amount estimated to enter the ocean annually. The study found that turbidity currents efficiently transport microplastics to deep-sea sediments, providing a mechanism for the removal of plastic from surface waters.

2024
Article Tier 2

The deep sea is a major sink for microplastic debris

Researchers analyzed deep-sea sediments from the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Indian Ocean and found microplastic fibers up to 4 orders of magnitude more concentrated than at the contaminated sea surface, identifying the deep seafloor as a vast and previously unknown repository of the world's 'missing' plastic.

2014 Royal Society Open Science 1868 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic transport, deposition and burial in seafloor sediments by turbidity currents

This conference abstract describes how turbidity currents — underwater avalanches of sediment-laden water — can transport microplastics from submarine canyon heads to deep seafloor basins, creating localized hotspots of plastic accumulation. This mechanism may explain why deep-sea sediments contain some of the highest microplastic concentrations measured anywhere on Earth.

2020
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments

Researchers analyzed deep-sea sediment cores and found microplastics present at depth, providing early evidence that deep-sea sediments globally accumulate microplastic pollution far from coastlines and at the seafloor.

2013 Environmental Pollution 1521 citations
Article Tier 2

Influence of Mesoscale Eddies on the Three-Dimensional Distribution of Microplastics in the Western North Pacific

Scientists found that swirling ocean currents called eddies control where tiny plastic particles collect in the Pacific Ocean, with some areas concentrating plastics as deep as 600 meters underwater. This discovery helps us better understand how microplastics spread through the ocean and could improve predictions of where these pollutants end up in seafood and marine ecosystems. Understanding plastic distribution patterns is important because microplastics can work their way up the food chain and potentially affect human health through the fish we eat.

2026 Environmental Science & Technology
Article Tier 2

The ocean’s ultimate trashcan: Hadal trenches as major depositories for plastic pollution

Analysis of hadal trenches - the deepest points in the ocean - found them to be major accumulation zones for microplastics and plastic debris, with concentrations higher than many surface ocean regions. This reveals that plastic pollution has reached the most remote and extreme environments on Earth, transported by deep-sea currents to ultimate depositional sinks.

2019 Water Research 253 citations
Article Tier 2

Sedimentary Characteristics of Microplastics Transported by Turbidity Currents in a Straight Canyon Topography

Physical model experiments revealed that ocean turbidity currents — sediment-laden underwater flows — transport and deposit microplastics in predictable patterns within submarine canyons, with higher-concentration flows retaining more particles and depositing them preferentially in wave-shaped seafloor areas. This understanding helps predict where microplastics accumulate in the deep sea, which matters for assessing long-term ecological impacts in some of the ocean's most remote and poorly studied habitats.

2026 Journal of marine environmental engineering
Article Tier 2

What Influences Microplastic Distribution in the Marine Environment? A Study Highlighting the Role of Fronts and Submesoscale Processes in the North Sea

Researchers combined in-situ microplastic sampling with oceanographic measurements in the North Sea to demonstrate that submesoscale processes, density fronts, and filaments play a critical role in MP transport and aggregation, creating convergence zones that serve as hotspots for microplastic accumulation.

2025
Article Tier 2

Global mapping for the occurrence of all-sized microplastics in seafloor sediments

Researchers developed code for extracting ocean surface current and near-bed thermohaline current data to analyze the hydrodynamic driving forces behind global microplastic distribution patterns in seafloor sediments.

2025 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Differences in the Fate of Surface and Subsurface Microplastics: A Case Study in the Central Atlantic

Researchers studied microplastic distribution in the Central Atlantic and found that surface and subsurface samples differ not only in particle size but also in morphology, polymer types, abundance, and spatial distribution, driven by distinct hydrodynamic processes at the sea surface versus a few meters below.

2023 Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Vertical distribution of microplastic along the main gate of Indonesian Throughflow pathways

Researchers conducted the first investigation of vertical microplastic distribution in deep-sea waters along the Indonesian Throughflow pathway between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The study found an average of about 1 microplastic particle per liter across depths from 5 to 2,450 meters, with water temperature and density influencing particle distribution, indicating that microplastic contamination extends throughout the ocean water column.

2024 Marine Pollution Bulletin 19 citations