Papers

20 results
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Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics Aggregation in Environment: Analytical Methods and Environmental Implications

This review examines how nanoplastics aggregate in the environment—clumping together or attaching to other particles—and how this affects their analysis and ecological impact. Aggregation changes how nanoplastics move through water and accumulate in organisms, complicating risk assessment for these extremely small plastic particles.

2021 IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science
Article Tier 2

A simple methodology for in situ study of microplastics’ aggregation

This study developed a straightforward lab method to measure how microplastics clump together (aggregate) under different water chemistry conditions — including varying pH, dissolved organic matter, and stormwater composition — and after UV weathering. Key findings: weathered microplastics aggregate much more readily than fresh ones, especially in stormwater, meaning aged plastics in the environment tend to form larger clumps that settle out differently and interact with aquatic organisms differently. Understanding aggregation behavior is essential for predicting where microplastics end up in rivers and lakes and how bioavailable they are.

2024 CLEAN - Soil Air Water 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Aquatic Aggregates as “Vector” for Microplastics

This review examines how microplastics interact with aquatic aggregates — clumps of organic matter, clay, and other particles formed through flocculation in natural waters. Aggregation affects microplastic transport by changing their effective density and size, influencing whether they sink, float, or remain suspended. Understanding these interactions is key to accurately predicting where microplastics end up in aquatic environments.

2023
Article Tier 2

Aggregation Behavior of Particulate Plastics and Its Implications

This chapter reviews how microplastics aggregate with each other and with natural particles like sediment and algae in water, affecting their transport, fate, and biological availability. Heteroaggregation with natural colloids is more common than microplastic-to-microplastic clumping, which has important implications for how microplastics move through aquatic environments.

2020
Article Tier 2

Aggregation kinetics of microplastics in aquatic environment: Complex roles of electrolytes, pH, and natural organic matter

Researchers found that the aggregation behavior of polystyrene microplastics in water was strongly influenced by pH, ionic strength, and the presence of natural organic matter, with divalent cations like calcium and magnesium promoting aggregation. Understanding aggregation kinetics is critical for predicting how microplastics partition between suspended and settled states in natural water bodies.

2018 Environmental Pollution 249 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental factors-mediated behavior of microplastics and nanoplastics in water: A review

This review examines how environmental conditions such as pH, salt levels, and organic matter influence how microplastics and nanoplastics behave in water. The study found that these factors significantly affect whether tiny plastic particles clump together or stay dispersed, which in turn determines how far they travel and how available they are for organisms to ingest.

2021 Chemosphere 151 citations
Article Tier 2

Sedimentation behavior of aggregated microplastics: Influence of particle size and water constituents in environmental waters

Laboratory experiments investigated how aggregation of microplastics with sediments and organic matter affects their sinking rates in water, finding that aggregate composition strongly influences settling velocity. These findings improve models predicting whether microplastics sink to the seafloor or remain suspended in the water column.

2025 The Science of The Total Environment 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Heterogeneous aggregation of microplastics and mineral particles in aquatic environments: Effects of surface functional groups, pH, and electrolytes

Researchers studied how microplastics clump together with soil and rock minerals in water, finding that positively charged minerals bound to plastic particles nearly three times more effectively than clay minerals, and that low pH and calcium ions dramatically accelerated aggregation. Understanding these dynamics helps predict where microplastics will settle or stay suspended in rivers, lakes, and aquifers.

2025 Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environments: Aggregation, Deposition, and Enhanced Contaminant Transport

This review examined the aggregation, deposition, and transport of microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic environments, synthesizing how particle properties and water chemistry govern their fate and mobility in rivers, lakes, and oceans.

2017 Environmental Science & Technology 2491 citations
Article Tier 2

Aggregation of microplastics and clay particles in the nearshore environment: Characteristics, influencing factors, and implications

Researchers studied how microplastics interact with natural clay particles in coastal waters, examining how factors like salinity, pH, and particle properties influence their aggregation behavior. They found that microplastics readily form clusters with clay particles, which changes how they settle and move through nearshore environments. Understanding this aggregation process is important for predicting where microplastics end up in coastal ecosystems and their potential exposure to marine organisms.

2022 Water Research 83 citations
Article Tier 2

Behavior of Microplastics in Inland Waters: Aggregation, Settlement, and Transport

This review examined how microplastics aggregate, settle, and are transported horizontally in inland waters, covering the influence of particle properties (size, density, shape) and environmental factors (microorganisms, hydraulic conditions, sediment characteristics) on their fate.

2021 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 154 citations
Article Tier 2

Aggregation behavior of polyethylene microplastics in the nearshore environment: The role of particle size, environmental condition and turbulent flow

Researchers investigated how particle size, salinity, dissolved organic matter, and turbulent flow affect the aggregation behavior of polyethylene microplastics in nearshore water, finding that all factors influenced aggregation rates and aggregate structure. Understanding microplastic aggregation in estuarine environments is essential for predicting their sedimentation and biological uptake.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 20 citations
Article Tier 2

How do microplastics interact with other particles in aquatic environments?

This study investigates how microplastics interact with other particles in aquatic environments, examining the physical and chemical mechanisms governing aggregation, adsorption, and co-transport of microplastics with suspended particles. The research is hosted on the Experiment platform for open scientific discovery funding and sharing.

2024
Article Tier 2

Influence of Shape on Heteroaggregation of Model Microplastics: A Simulation Study

This simulation study examined how the shape of microplastic particles (spheres vs. fibers vs. fragments) affects how they clump together (heteroaggregate) with natural organic matter in water. Particle shape influences how far microplastics travel, where they settle, and how available they are to aquatic organisms.

2023 arXiv (Cornell University) 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Interaction, Adhesion and Aggregation of Microplastic/Nanoplastic Particles: Effects of Plastic Polymer Type

This review examines how polymer type, particle size, shape, pH, ionic strength, and salt composition influence the interaction, adhesion, and aggregation behavior of microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic and soil environments. The paper synthesizes findings on homoaggregation and heteroaggregation with natural and engineered nanoparticles, highlighting how aggregation affects particle transport and environmental fate.

2023 Asian Journal of Water Environment and Pollution 3 citations
Article Tier 2

The difference of aggregation mechanism between microplastics and nanoplastics: Role of Brownian motion and structural layer force

The aggregation mechanisms of 100-nm and 1-micrometer polystyrene particles were compared under different water chemistry conditions to understand how microplastics and nanoplastics behave differently in aquatic environments. The study found distinct aggregation pathways between the two size classes, driven by differences in electrostatic forces and surface properties.

2020 Environmental Pollution 126 citations
Article Tier 2

Flocculation with heterogeneous composition in water environments: A review

This review examines how particles of different compositions, including minerals, organic matter, microplastics, and biological material, clump together through flocculation in natural water environments. Researchers found that the mixed composition of these clusters significantly affects how pollutants are transported and deposited in rivers, estuaries, and oceans. Understanding flocculation processes is important for predicting how microplastics and other contaminants move through and settle in aquatic systems.

2022 Water Research 98 citations
Article Tier 2

Recent Advances in the Aggregation Behavior of Nanoplastics in Aquatic Systems

This review examines recent advances in understanding nanoplastic aggregation behavior in aquatic systems, focusing on how polymer surface modification and the use of novel surfactants can be designed to promote aggregation of nanoplastics from the environment. The review distinguishes this approach from conventional surfactant use aimed at dispersing insoluble compounds.

2023 International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Statistical Thermodynamic Description of Heteroaggregation between Anthropogenic Particulate Matter and Natural Particles in Aquatic Environments

Researchers developed a thermodynamic model to describe how nanoparticles and microplastics aggregate with each other and with natural particles in aquatic environments. Understanding aggregation processes is critical for predicting how microplastics move through water systems and where they ultimately settle.

2021 ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Aggregation in experimental studies with microparticles: Experimental settings change particle size distribution during exposure

Researchers investigated how experimental conditions including exposure duration, particle concentration, organic carbon content, and test organism presence affect microplastic aggregation in ecotoxicological experiments, finding that particle size distribution changed substantially during experiments. Failure to account for aggregation during exposure leads to inconsistent and unreliable toxicity results across studies.

2023 Environmental Pollution 4 citations