Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

ANew ColeopteraMember (Ulomoidesdermestoides) to Biodegrade Plastics

Researchers found that Ulomoides dermestoides beetle larvae can biodegrade polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene with mass reductions of 55.3%, 50.2%, and 49.4% respectively, comparable to the well-studied Tenebrio molitor larvae. Gut microbiome and transcriptome analyses revealed that both species degrade PS and PP primarily via gut microbiota, while PE degradation involves synergistic effort between larval host and microbiota, with interspecies differences in biodegradation efficiency linked to gut microbiome diversity.

2025 Figshare
Article Tier 2

Nature’s solution to degrade long-chain hydrocarbons: A life cycle study of beeswax and plastic eating insect larvae

Researchers examined the lifecycle stages of three beeswax-eating insect larvae species (Galleria mellonella, Achroia grisella, and Uloma sp.) and measured their ability to degrade beeswax, polyethylene, and polystyrene under laboratory conditions. They found that all three insect larvae caused measurable weight loss in polyethylene and polystyrene feeds over time, confirming biodegradation capacity and identifying these species as potential biological agents for plastic waste degradation.

2024 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Soil fauna Protaetia brevitarsis mediated polyethylene microplastic biodegradation

Researchers found that larvae of the beetle Protaetia brevitarsis can biodegrade polyethylene microplastics in soil, with gut microbiome analysis revealing specific bacterial communities responsible for PE degradation, suggesting potential for insect-mediated plastic bioremediation.

2025 The Science of The Total Environment 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradation of Different Types of Plastics by Tenebrio molitor Insect

This study reviewed the potential of mealworm beetle larvae (Tenebrio molitor) to biodegrade multiple plastic types through gut microbiota activity, finding that the larvae could break down various polymers including polystyrene and polyethylene, making entomoremediation a promising avenue for plastic waste reduction.

2021 Polymers 82 citations
Article Tier 2

Isolation of Plastic Digesting Microbes from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Tenebrio Molitor

Researchers isolated bacteria from the gut of Tenebrio molitor mealworm larvae that are capable of degrading polystyrene and polyethylene microplastics. The identified gut microbes showed plastic-degrading enzymatic activity, suggesting potential for bioremediation applications.

2024 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastics shape the black soldier fly larvae gut microbiome and select for biodegrading functions

Researchers found that black soldier fly larvae can adapt their gut microbiome to digest a wide range of plastics, shifting their microbial communities to favor biodegrading functions. This suggests the insects could serve as living incubators for discovering new plastic-breaking enzymes for industrial cleanup applications.

2023 Microbiome 59 citations
Article Tier 2

Mitogenomic profiling and gut microbial analysis of the newly identified polystyrene-consuming lesser mealworm in Kenya

Researchers identified a lesser mealworm species in Kenya capable of consuming and surviving on polystyrene plastic, while also characterizing the gut bacteria — including Kluyvera and Enterobacter — likely responsible for plastic breakdown. This is the first report of plastic-degrading lesser mealworms from Africa and points toward insect-based bioremediation as a promising tool for plastic waste management.

2024 Scientific Reports 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Entomoremediation: An ecofriendly approach for waste management: A review

This review examines how insects and larvae can consume organic waste and potentially degrade plastic materials as a sustainable waste management approach called entomoremediation. Some insect larvae have shown ability to ingest and partially break down plastics, offering a low-cost biological waste processing option.

2020 Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Destruction of Polystyrene by Larvae of Ulomoides dermestoides (Chevrolat, 1878) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Researchers found that larvae of the darkling beetle Ulomoides dermestoides can degrade expanded polystyrene, with mass loss rates of 44-68% depending on EPS piece size, and that degradation rate varied with larval development stage and was positively correlated with larval count.

2025 Biology Bulletin
Article Tier 2

Biodegradation of Polystyrene by Plastic-Eating Tenebrionidae Larvae

Researchers examined the biodegradation of polystyrene by Tenebrionidae beetle larvae, testing the ability of plastic-eating mealworm larvae to break down the highly stable, hydrophobic polymer. The study characterized polymer molecular weight changes, gut microbiome contributions, and metabolic byproducts, demonstrating that larval gut bacteria play a key role in PS depolymerization.

2024 Preprints.org
Article Tier 2

Enhanced biodegradation of microplastic and phthalic acid ester plasticizer: The role of gut microorganisms in black soldier fly larvae

Researchers discovered that black soldier fly larvae can biodegrade microplastics and phthalate plasticizers, with their gut microorganisms playing a key role in the breakdown process. The study found that the larvae's digestive bacteria enhanced the degradation of both contaminants, suggesting that insect-based bioprocessing could offer a novel approach to addressing plastic pollution.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 35 citations
Article Tier 2

A toxicological perspective of plastic biodegradation by insect larvae

This review examines how larvae of certain beetle and moth species can consume and biodegrade synthetic polymers including polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene, with their gut microbiomes playing a key role in the degradation process. While promising for plastic waste management, the study also raises toxicological concerns about the breakdown intermediates and chemical additives released during biodegradation.

2021 Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology 85 citations
Article Tier 2

Understanding the Ecological Robustness and Adaptability of the Gut Microbiome in Plastic-Degrading Superworms (Zophobas atratus) in Response to Microplastics and Antibiotics

Researchers studied superworms (Zophobas atratus larvae) that can eat and break down five major types of plastic, including polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. They found that the gut microbiome of these insects adapted to digest different plastics even when challenged with antibiotics, suggesting the larvae and their gut bacteria work together in a robust system that could inform future plastic biodegradation strategies.

2024 Environmental Science & Technology 20 citations
Article Tier 2

Examining the potential of plastic-fed black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) as "bioincubators" of plastic-degrading bacteria.

Researchers examined whether black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) fed on plastic waste can serve as 'bioincubators' for plastic-degrading bacteria, investigating how gut microbiota shifts in response to plastic-containing diets and whether these bacteria retain degradation activity.

2025 Journal of applied microbiology
Article Tier 2

Perilaku pemilihan pakan plastik dan respons biologi imago kumbang Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Researchers investigated the feeding behavior and biological responses of adult mealworm beetles (Tenebrio molitor) when offered plastic substrates, evaluating the potential of this insect species as a biodegrader of plastic waste. The study found that beetles exhibited selective feeding preferences among different plastic types and that plastic consumption affected key biological parameters including survival and reproduction.

2022 Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia
Article Tier 2

Polystyrene shaping effect on the enriched bacterial community from the plastic-eating Alphitobius diaperinus (Insecta: Coleoptera)

Researchers enriched and identified bacteria from the gut of polystyrene-fed lesser mealworm beetles, isolating Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas species that attached to plastic surfaces, confirming these microbes as promising candidates for breaking down polystyrene waste.

2022 Symbiosis 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradation of Post-Consumer Expanded Polystyrene and Low-Density Polyethylene by Tenebrio molitor Larvae

Scientists found that mealworms (beetle larvae) can actually break down used plastic bags and foam containers by eating them and changing their chemical structure. The mealworms produce waste that contains smaller plastic pieces and chemical compounds, which could potentially reduce plastic pollution in the environment. This research is important because it shows a natural way to help deal with the massive amounts of plastic waste that currently pile up in landfills and oceans.

2026 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

Microplastics Biofragmentation and Degradation Kinetics in the Plastivore Insect Tenebrio molitor

This study examined microplastic biofragmentation and degradation kinetics in the plastivore insect Tenebrio molitor, quantifying how gut passage changes plastic particle size distribution and chemical composition during biodegradation.

2024 Environmental Science & Technology 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Biodegradation through Insects and their Symbionts Microbes: A Review

This review examines how insects and their gut microbes can break down plastic waste, covering species like mealworms and waxworms that can digest polyethylene and polystyrene. The bacteria living in insect guts are responsible for much of this plastic-degrading activity. Insect-based biodegradation could offer a scalable biological solution to reducing plastic pollution.

2021 Journal of Bioresource Management 23 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradation of Polystyrene by Plastic-Eating Tenebrionidae Larvae

Researchers tested the ability of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and superworm (Zophobas morio) larvae to biodegrade polystyrene foam through feeding experiments with different dietary conditions. They found that both species could consume and break down polystyrene, with gut microorganisms playing a key role in the degradation process. The study suggests that insect-based biodegradation could offer a biological approach to addressing polystyrene waste in the environment.

2024 Polymers 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Cockroach Blaptica dubia biodegrades polystyrene plastics: Insights for superior ability, microbiome and host genes

Researchers discovered that the cockroach species Blaptica dubia can effectively biodegrade polystyrene plastic, digesting nearly half of ingested material within 24 hours. They identified specific gut bacteria and enzymes responsible for breaking down the plastic polymer chains. The finding opens up new possibilities for biological approaches to plastic waste management using insect-microbiome systems.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 20 citations
Article Tier 2

Tenebrio molitor: possible source of polystyrene-degrading bacteria

Researchers identified that Klebsiella oxytoca bacteria, found in the gut of mealworm beetles (Tenebrio molitor), may be key players in breaking down polystyrene plastic, pointing to insects as a potential source of microbe-based plastic biodegradation solutions.

2022 BMC Biotechnology 31 citations
Article Tier 2

Beyond Microbial Biodegradation: Plastic Degradation by Galleria mellonella

Researchers reviewed the ability of the wax moth larva Galleria mellonella to degrade various types of plastic, including polyethylene. The study highlights this insect as one of the most promising biological approaches to plastic waste degradation, as it produces enzymes capable of breaking down polyethylene, offering a potential complement to microbial biodegradation strategies.

2023 Journal of Polymers and the Environment 38 citations
Article Tier 2

The Ability of Insects to Degrade Complex Synthetic Polymers

This review synthesizes research on insect-mediated biodegradation of synthetic polymers, examining species from Coleopteran and Lepidopteran orders — including mealworms, wax moths, and flour beetles — whose gut microbial symbionts enable breakdown of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyurethane, and PVC into lower molecular weight, less toxic excreta.

2023 IntechOpen eBooks 5 citations