Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Micro (nano) Plastics Released from Plastic Food Containers

Researchers found that plastic food containers release micro- and nanoplastics into food under both hot-water and microwave heating, with the quantity increasing with repeated reuse, raising concerns about dietary exposure from everyday kitchen plastics.

2023 E3S Web of Conferences 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic and PTFE contamination of food from cookware

Researchers tested whether plastic cookware releases microplastics into food during everyday cooking steps like heating, mixing, and storage, and found that both new and old plastic cookware introduced thousands of plastic particles per year into home-cooked meals. Non-plastic cookware did not add any microplastics, suggesting that switching to non-plastic pots and utensils could meaningfully reduce dietary microplastic intake.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 45 citations
Article Tier 2

Baking releases microplastics from polyethylene terephthalate bakeware as detected by optical photothermal infrared and quantum cascade laser infrared

Researchers baked PET plastic bakeware at 220 degrees Celsius and found that significant numbers of microplastics were released into the water, with the amount increasing substantially after repeated baking cycles. The particles were mostly between 1 and 20 micrometers in size, small enough to potentially be absorbed by the body. This study provides direct evidence that using plastic bakeware at high temperatures is a meaningful source of microplastic exposure in food.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantification of microplastics released from plastic food containers during rinsing and migration by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Researchers measured microplastics released from plastic food containers during normal rinsing and when exposed to different food types and temperatures. All containers released microplastics matching their material, and high-fat foods, extreme temperatures, and longer exposure times increased the amount released. This study confirms that plastic food packaging is an important and direct source of microplastic exposure for people through their everyday meals.

2025 Food Chemistry 9 citations
Article Tier 2

From Kitchen to Cell: A Critical Review of Microplastic Release from Consumer Products and Its Health Implications

This review examines how everyday consumer products such as food packaging, kitchen utensils, and household appliances release microplastics directly into the food and beverages we consume. The authors link release mechanisms like thermal stress, mechanical abrasion, and chemical leaching to potential human health risks. The study highlights a gap in industry and regulatory responses to this direct exposure pathway.

2026 Toxics
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastic release from disposable plastics: Correlation with maximum service temperature

Testing five types of disposable plastics confirmed that nanoplastic release correlates with maximum service temperature, with materials used beyond their temperature limits releasing significantly more nanoplastics when packaging hot food, cooking in ovens, or using microwaves.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Beyond the food on your plate: Investigating sources of microplastic contamination in home kitchens

This review highlights that kitchen tools and processes -- not just food itself -- are significant sources of microplastic exposure. Cutting boards, cooking utensils, food storage containers, and cleaning equipment all release microplastic particles through mechanical wear, heat, and chemical contact during everyday food preparation. The findings suggest that reducing microplastic intake requires attention to the entire kitchen environment, not just the food we buy.

2024 Heliyon 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Analysis of microplastics released from plastic take-out food containers based on thermal properties and morphology study

Researchers found that plastic take-out food containers made of polypropylene, polyethylene, and expanded polystyrene release microplastics into hot water, with over 96% of particles smaller than 10 micrometers and concentrations varying by material type and temperature.

2022 Food Additives & Contaminants Part A 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Study of the release of microplastics during the use phase of products from the plastics industry

Researchers investigated microplastic release during the use phase of plastic consumer products across multiple product categories from the plastics industry, examining how ordinary use conditions generate plastic particles that enter food and the environment. The study contributes to understanding the full microplastic lifecycle as the plastics industry transitions toward reuse-oriented product models.

2025 theses.fr (ABES)
Article Tier 2

Evidence of Sub‐Micrometric Plastic Release When Heating Food Containers Based on Light Scattering Measurements

Researchers used light scattering measurements to detect sub-micrometric plastic particles released from food containers when heated. They found evidence that food-grade containers release tiny plastic fragments during normal heating conditions, at sizes below what most conventional detection methods can capture. The study suggests that current estimates of microplastic exposure from food packaging may undercount the actual amount released.

2024 Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Investigation of the impact of microwave treatment on the aging of polypropylene microplastics

This study investigated how microwave heating of plastic food containers affects polypropylene microplastic properties, including surface chemistry and fragmentation potential. Microwave treatment altered the aging state of polypropylene particles, suggesting that routine kitchen use of plastic containers accelerates the release of microplastics into food.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Investigation of the impact of microwave treatment on the aging of polypropylene microplastics

This study investigated how microwave heating affects polypropylene microplastics used in common food containers, examining changes in surface chemistry, fragmentation, and potential additive release under typical household cooking conditions. Microwave treatment accelerated aging and altered particle properties of polypropylene microplastics, suggesting routine microwave use of plastic containers promotes microplastic release into food.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Disposable plastic materials release microplastics and harmful substances in hot water

Researchers tested whether disposable plastic items release particles when exposed to hot water, mimicking everyday use with hot food and drinks. They found that a single exposure to boiling water released over a million submicron and microplastic particles per milliliter from common disposable containers. The study also detected harmful chemical substances in the leachate, suggesting that routine use of disposable plastics with hot beverages poses an underrecognized exposure risk.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 122 citations
Article Tier 2

Leachability of microplastic from different plastic materials

This study tested the leachability of microplastics from several common plastic materials under environmental conditions, finding that plastic type and degradation state influence how readily microplastic particles are released.

2021 Journal of Environmental Management 92 citations
Article Tier 2

Migration testing of microplastics from selected water and food containers by Raman microscopy

Researchers tested microplastic migration from common food and water containers made of polypropylene, PET, and polystyrene under FDA-guided conditions. The study found that hundreds of thousands of microplastic particles per liter can be released, with higher temperatures, fatty food simulants, and direct microwave heating significantly increasing particle release, suggesting that everyday food container use may be a notable source of microplastic exposure.

2023 Journal of Hazardous Materials 34 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics release from victuals packaging materials during daily usage

Researchers investigated microplastic release from food packaging materials during daily usage, with a focus on polystyrene foam containers. The study found that these containers release microplastic particles during routine handling, heating, and food contact, suggesting that food packaging is a significant and direct source of human microplastic exposure.

2021 EcoMat 68 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

A systematic review of microplastics emissions in kitchens: Understanding the links with diseases in daily life

This systematic review examines how everyday kitchen items like non-stick pans, plastic cutting boards, and disposable utensils release microplastics into our food during normal use. The researchers found that kitchens are a major source of microplastic exposure and propose practical steps to reduce contamination, which could help lower the health risks tied to ingesting these tiny particles.

2024 Environment International 23 citations
Article Tier 2

Migration of (non-) intentionally added substances and microplastics from microwavable plastic food containers

Researchers investigated the migration of chemicals and microplastics from microwavable plastic food containers into food simulants. They identified 42 intentionally added substances and over 100 non-intentionally added substances that migrated from the containers, with migration rates being higher in fatty food simulants and decreasing with repeated use, raising questions about potential health risks from everyday microwave container usage.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 99 citations
Article Tier 2

Detection of nanoplastics released from consumer plastic food containers by electromagnetic heating pyrolysis mass spectrometry

Researchers developed a rapid method combining electromagnetic heating with mass spectrometry to detect and quantify nanoplastics released from consumer plastic food containers. They found that common containers released measurable quantities of nanoplastic particles, with concentrations varying based on container type and heating conditions. The study provides evidence that everyday food packaging is a direct source of nanoplastic exposure through the diet.

2024 Analytica Chimica Acta 2 citations
Article Tier 2

A Hidden Pathway for Human Exposure to Micro- and Nanoplastics—The Mechanical Fragmentation of Plastic Products during Daily Use

This review examines a commonly overlooked source of human microplastic exposure: the mechanical wear and fragmentation of everyday plastic products during normal use. Researchers found that activities like opening containers, using cutting boards, and handling plastic items release significant quantities of micro- and nanoplastics directly into our immediate environment. The study highlights that this daily fragmentation pathway may contribute more to personal microplastic exposure than previously appreciated.

2023 Toxics 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Degradation of food-contact plastics in use: Effect of temperature and chemical composition

Researchers examined how common food-contact plastics (polypropylene, polyethylene, PET, and polycarbonate) degrade under conditions that mimic everyday use, including varying temperatures and chemical environments. The study found that elevated temperatures promoted oxidation and hydrolysis of these plastics, while both acidic and alkaline solutions enhanced surface degradation, potentially increasing microplastic release into food and beverages.

2025 Environmental Engineering Research 1 citations
Article Tier 2

微纳米塑料在典型日用塑料制品使用过程中的释放规律及机制

This Chinese study investigated the release of micro- and nanoplastics from everyday plastic products including food containers, tableware, and clothing during normal use, characterizing release rates and mechanisms and estimating daily human exposure from common household items.

2024 Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version)
Article Tier 2

Determination of the microplastic particle release by tea bags during brewing

Researchers measured the release of microplastic particles from tea bags during brewing, finding that plastic particles leach into the hot beverage. This study highlights an often-overlooked source of microplastic ingestion through everyday food and drink preparation.

2021 JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING & PROCESSING MANAGEMENT 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxicity of plastic consumer products: a biological, chemical and social-ecological analysis

This study analyzed the toxic chemicals found in consumer plastic products, including additives, monomers, and processing by-products that can leach into food or the environment. The findings highlight that plastic toxicity extends beyond microplastic particles themselves — the chemicals embedded in plastics pose significant health risks through food packaging and environmental contamination.

2021