Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Biodegradable plastics: Green hope or greenwashing?

This review examines biodegradable plastics and their limitations, finding that many do not break down effectively under real-world environmental conditions and may still fragment into microplastics. The authors caution that biodegradable plastics should not be viewed as a simple solution to plastic pollution without better standards and end-of-life infrastructure.

2020 Marine pollution bulletin
Article Tier 2

Environmental performance of bioplastics: degradation pathways, chemical leaching, and life-cycle implications

This review of existing research found that bioplastics—supposedly eco-friendly alternatives to regular plastic—may not be as safe as promised. These "green" plastics can still break down into harmful microplastics and leak toxic chemicals, potentially affecting human health just like conventional plastics. The study shows we need better testing and disposal systems before bioplastics can truly be considered a safer choice for people and the environment.

2026 npj Materials Sustainability
Article Tier 2

Sustainable struggling: decoding microplastic released from bioplastics—a critical review

This critical review examines biodegradable plastics as an alternative to conventional plastics, finding that many do not fully degrade under real-world conditions and can fragment into microplastics more rapidly than their conventional counterparts.

2024 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Are bioplastics the solution to the plastic pollution problem?

This review examines whether bioplastics can meaningfully reduce plastic pollution, concluding that while bioplastics offer some advantages, they are not a straightforward solution because many require industrial composting conditions and their environmental benefits depend heavily on end-of-life management.

2023 PLoS Biology 21 citations
Article Tier 2

Recent Advances in Bioplastics: Application and Biodegradation

This review examines recent advances in bioplastics — including their applications in packaging, agriculture, and medicine — and critically evaluates their actual biodegradation performance in both natural and industrial environments, finding a significant gap between claims and real-world outcomes.

2020 Polymers 376 citations
Review Tier 2

Exploring the hidden environmental pollution of microplastics derived from bioplastics: A review

This review examines the often-overlooked problem that even bioplastics, marketed as eco-friendly alternatives, can break down into micro- and nanoplastics in the environment. Research since 2012 has identified multiple degradation pathways, including UV exposure, mechanical wear, and biodegradation, that fragment bioplastics into tiny particles. The toxicity of these bioplastic-derived microparticles is still poorly understood, highlighting a hidden source of plastic pollution.

2024 Chemosphere 26 citations
Meta Analysis Tier 1

Environmental risks and regulatory gaps in bioplastics: A critical review of degradation pathways and ecosystem impacts

This meta-analysis of 143 studies reveals a troubling finding: some bioplastics marketed as eco-friendly alternatives can be just as toxic to ecosystems as conventional plastics. These materials may still break down into harmful micro- and nanoplastic particles. The research suggests that simply switching to bioplastics is not enough — we need better testing and regulation to ensure alternatives are truly safer.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials Plastics 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Bioplastics: Missing link in the era of Microplastics

Researchers examined whether bioplastics, often promoted as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional plastics, also break down into microplastics. They found that polyhydroxyalkanoate bioplastic films formed microplastic particles in water environments similar to conventional plastics. The study highlights that biodegradable plastics may not solve the microplastic problem and calls for more research into how quickly bioplastics actually degrade and what effects their microplastic fragments have on ecosystems.

2019 The Science of The Total Environment 302 citations
Review Tier 2

The degradation of single-use plastics and commercially viable bioplastics in the environment: A review

Researchers reviewed how conventional single-use plastics degrade over decades in natural environments versus how bioplastics biodegrade, finding that while alternatives like PBS and PHA show genuine biodegradation potential, most require specific industrial composting conditions that are rarely available in practice.

2023 Environmental Research 89 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradable plastics in the marine environment: a potential source of risk?

This review examines whether biodegradable plastics offer a genuine solution to marine plastic pollution, finding that their environmental behavior depends heavily on specific conditions and that they may still pose risks in marine environments where decomposition is slow.

2022 Water Emerging Contaminants & Nanoplastics 30 citations
Article Tier 2

Can bioplastics always offer a truly sustainable alternative to fossil‐based plastics?

This review asks whether bioplastics truly offer a sustainable alternative to conventional fossil-based plastics in all situations. Researchers found that while biodegradable plastics can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and environmental persistence, they are not a silver bullet and should not replace proper waste management. The study suggests that bioplastics work best as part of a broader circular economy strategy rather than a simple swap for traditional plastics.

2024 Microbial Biotechnology 38 citations
Article Tier 2

A progress update on the biological effects of biodegradable microplastics on soil and ocean environment: A perfect substitute or new threat?

This review examines whether biodegradable plastics, often marketed as eco-friendly alternatives, actually break down safely in the environment. The evidence shows that biodegradable plastics often fragment into microplastics rather than fully decomposing, and these biodegradable microplastics can harm soil organisms, marine life, and disrupt nutrient cycles. The findings suggest that simply switching to biodegradable plastics may not solve the microplastic pollution problem and could introduce new environmental risks.

2024 Environmental Research 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Bioplastics in the circular bioeconomy: Production pathways, biodegradation mechanisms, and environmental implications

This comprehensive review examines how bioplastics — plastics made from renewable biological sources — fit into a circular economy, covering how they are produced, how microorganisms break them down, and the environmental risks when degradation is incomplete. A key concern is that even bio-based plastics can form microplastics if they do not fully degrade in real-world conditions like marine or soil environments, meaning that simply switching to bioplastics does not automatically solve the microplastic pollution problem.

2026 Figshare
Article Tier 2

Solution or Pollution? A paradigm shifts in understanding the fate and threats of biodegradable plastics in the marine environment

This review challenges the assumption that biodegradable plastics are inherently eco-friendly by examining their degradation behavior in marine environments. Researchers found that biodegradable plastics often require specific conditions to break down and can themselves become sources of microplastic pollution when those conditions are not met. The study highlights a significant research gap in understanding the fate of biodegradable nano- and pico-plastics in marine ecosystems.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Potential environmental impacts of bioplastic degradation in natural marine environments: A comprehensive review

This review examines the environmental impacts of biodegradable plastics degrading in marine environments, finding that their microscale breakdown raises significant concerns about contributing to microplastic pollution rather than eliminating it. The authors conclude that biodegradable plastics require reevaluation as petroleum-based plastic substitutes given the incomplete understanding of their behavior at the microscale in marine ecosystems.

2025 Marine Environmental Research
Article Tier 2

Bioplastics in the Sea: Rapid In-Vitro Evaluation of Degradability and Persistence at Natural Temperatures

Researchers evaluated the marine degradability of multiple bioplastic materials at natural seawater temperatures, finding that most bioplastics persist in ocean environments rather than degrading quickly, challenging assumptions that bioplastics represent a straightforward solution to marine plastic pollution.

2022 Frontiers in Marine Science 23 citations
Article Tier 2

Behind the Green Promise: Eco-Innovation or Commercial Illusion?

This review critically examines the gap between the environmental promise of biodegradable packaging materials such as polylactic acid and polybutylene succinate and their real-world degradation performance. The authors found that most biodegradable plastics require specific industrial composting conditions to degrade as marketed and may perform no better than conventional plastics when disposed of in landfill, soil, or marine environments.

2025 Sustainable Marketing Practices
Article Tier 2

Application of biodegradable plastic and their environmental impacts: A revie

This review examines the environmental impacts of conventional petroleum-based plastics and evaluates biodegradable alternatives made from plant-based and other organic materials. Researchers found that while bioplastics show promise for reducing long-term pollution, their degradation rates vary significantly depending on environmental conditions. The study emphasizes that switching to biodegradable plastics alone is not enough without proper waste management infrastructure.

2024 World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradation of Wasted Bioplastics

This paper provides a broad overview of bioplastics — materials made from renewable biological sources — discussing their potential as a partial solution to global plastic pollution and the complexity of their biodegradability. While microplastic accumulation in oceans is mentioned as context for the urgency of the problem, the paper's focus is on bioplastic production and biodegradation rather than microplastic health or environmental impacts.

2023 World Science 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Compounding one problem with another? A look at biodegradable microplastics

This review examines whether biodegradable plastics truly solve the microplastic problem, finding that many do not fully break down under real-world conditions. Incomplete decomposition of biodegradable plastics can generate micro-sized particles that may be just as harmful as conventional microplastics. The authors warn that marketing plastics as "biodegradable" without ensuring complete breakdown could actually worsen environmental microplastic contamination.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Are biodegradable plastics a promising solution to solve the global plastic pollution?

This review examines whether biodegradable plastics are a viable solution to global plastic pollution and finds the answer is complicated. Researchers note that most biodegradable plastics require specific environmental conditions to break down and cannot yet replace most conventional plastics. The study concludes that while biodegradable plastics may be part of the solution, they should not be seen as a free pass for continued overconsumption, since littering behavior does not change simply because a material is labeled biodegradable.

2020 Environmental Pollution 595 citations
Article Tier 2

A Sustainable Approach to Plastics; Bioplastics

This review examines bioplastics as a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics, comparing bio-based and biodegradable options against traditional plastics on environmental impact, biodegradability standards, and performance, finding that while bioplastics offer potential solutions to microplastic generation and soil toxicity, standardization and lifecycle assessment remain key challenges.

2023 RECENT - REzultatele CErcetărilor Noastre Tehnice 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Bioplastics and biodegradable plastics: A review of recent advances, feasibility and cleaner production

Researchers systematically reviewed over 280 articles on bioplastics and biodegradable plastics, finding that while polylactic acid and polyhydroxyalkanoates reduce fossil fuel dependence, their higher production costs, lower durability, and tendency to form microplastics when improperly composted remain significant barriers to replacing conventional plastics.

2025 The Science of The Total Environment 59 citations
Article Tier 2

Discussion about suitable applications for biodegradable plastics regarding their sources, uses and end of life

Researchers critically evaluated the scientific basis for biodegradable plastics as a solution to plastic pollution, concluding that no plastic biodegrades universally across all ecosystems, that treating the environment as a waste treatment system is unacceptable, and that compostable plastics require dedicated collection infrastructure to deliver on their environmental promise.

2022 Waste Management 70 citations