Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Microplastics: challenges of assessment in biological samples and their implication for in vitro and in vivo effects

This review examines the challenges of detecting and assessing microplastics in biological samples, noting that analytical limitations and lack of standardized methods hinder our understanding of health effects. The study highlights that humans are exposed to microplastics primarily through ingestion and inhalation, and that more long-term studies with standardized protocols are needed to understand the full scope of potential biological impacts.

2023 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics: challenges of assessment in biological samples and their implication for in vitro and in vivo effects

This review covers how microplastics enter the human body through ingestion and inhalation, the challenges of detecting and measuring them in biological samples, and the evidence for harmful effects ranging from inflammation to hormonal disruption. Standardising methods for measuring microplastics in tissues and bodily fluids is a key obstacle to advancing human health research. The review provides a useful framework for understanding what we know and what still needs to be established about microplastic risks to people.

2023 Research Square (Research Square)
Article Tier 2

[Clinical impact of microplastic exposure in humans].

This German-language clinical review summarized current knowledge on microplastic exposure pathways, health risks, and the World Health Organization's assessment of this topic. The authors noted significant gaps in measuring microplastics in the human body and called for improved methods to assess clinical impacts, particularly links to infectious disease.

2025 PubMed
Review Tier 2

Microplastics and Human Health: A Comprehensive Review on Exposure Pathways, Toxicity, and Emerging Risks

This comprehensive review examines microplastic exposure pathways in humans, methods of detection, and the potential toxic effects on various biological systems. The study highlights growing evidence that microplastics can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, and may affect multiple organ systems, though significant uncertainties remain about long-term health outcomes.

2026 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

Understanding Human Health Impacts Following Microplastic Exposure Necessitates Standardized Protocols

This overview examines the methods currently used to study how microplastics affect human health, highlighting significant inconsistencies in experimental approaches. Researchers identified challenges including the lack of standardized reference materials, variability in exposure conditions, and limited understanding of how microplastic doses translate to real-world exposure. The study proposes solutions to standardize protocols so that future research builds on a more reliable foundation.

2024 Current Protocols 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Methods for the detection of microplastics in mammals

Scientists now detect microplastics in human blood, lungs, placentas, and other tissues, but the field still lacks a single gold-standard method for measuring them. This review compares the strengths and limitations of current detection techniques — including spectroscopy, microscopy, and chemical digestion — to help standardize how microplastics in the human body are quantified, which is a prerequisite for accurately assessing health risks.

2023 Theoretical and Natural Science
Clinical Trial Tier 1

Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Human Health.

Emerging research shows microplastics and nanoplastics are found in every tissue in the human body, with a positive correlation between tissue concentrations and several common diseases. Despite well-understood exposure sources that can be controlled, no clinical trials have yet been conducted to test methods for eliminating microplastics from human tissues.

2024 Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.)
Article Tier 2

Effects of Microplastics on the Human Body and Methods of Detection

This review summarized how microplastics and nanoplastics enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, and outlined current detection methods used to identify them in biological samples. The authors found that while evidence of tissue accumulation is growing, health effect thresholds and standardized exposure metrics are still lacking.

2025 Korea Industrial Technology Convergence Society
Article Tier 2

Getting a grip on microplastics’ risks

This review examines the current state of microplastic risk assessment, noting that tiny plastic particles have been detected in water, food, air, human blood, lung tissue, and stool, yet their risks to human health and the environment remain unclear. The authors draw parallels with challenges faced in nanotoxicology and discuss how lessons from that field could improve methods for studying microplastic toxicity and exposure.

2022 C&EN Global Enterprise 3 citations
Article Tier 2

[Clinical impact of microplastic exposure in humans].

This review summarized clinical evidence on the health impacts of microplastic exposure in humans, covering routes of entry (air, food, contact) and the range of organ systems affected. It concluded that while data are still emerging, current evidence supports concern about microplastic accumulation and its potential to cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and systemic health effects.

2025 Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in humans: Current evidence of presence and their role in organ toxicity

This comprehensive review examined how microplastics enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, dermal absorption, and maternal-fetal transfer, summarizing documented evidence of MP presence and toxic effects across multiple organs.

2025 International Journal of Biology Sciences
Systematic Review Tier 1

Microplastics and Their Human Health Effects - Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews in Research of Microplastics

This systematic review of systematic reviews provides an overview of what is known about microplastics and human health. The research found that while microplastics are confirmed to be present in the human body, the specific health effects linked to different plastic types remain poorly understood. The study highlights that this field is still young and calls for more research to clarify the true health risks of daily microplastic exposure.

2025
Clinical Trial Tier 1

Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Human Health.

This study reports that microplastics and nanoplastics have been found in virtually every tissue in the human body, and emerging research links higher tissue concentrations to several common diseases. The authors note that while exposure sources are well understood and controllable, there appear to be no clinical trials yet focused on removing microplastics from human tissues.

2024 PubMed 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Identification and Quantification in Biological Samples

This review examines methods for identifying and quantifying microplastics in biological samples, noting the urgent need for standardized protocols as plastic particles accumulate in marine, terrestrial, and human environments. The paper discusses human exposure routes through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, and highlights gaps in understanding microplastic effects on coagulation and other biological processes.

2024 Proceedings of IMPRS
Article Tier 2

The Plastic Within: Microplastics Invading Human Organs and Bodily Fluids Systems

This review documents the presence of microplastics in human organs and body fluids including the liver, blood, heart, placenta, breast milk, lungs, and reproductive tissues. The particles enter through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, and may also be introduced through invasive medical procedures. The widespread distribution of microplastics throughout the body raises concerns about their potential effects on organ function and long-term health.

2023 Environments 60 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

A scoping review protocol on in vivo human plastic exposure and health impacts

This scoping review protocol outlines a plan to systematically gather evidence on how plastics found inside the human body affect health. With global plastic production having generated over 6.3 billion metric tons of waste, humans are increasingly exposed to micro- and nanoplastics through food, water, and air. The review aims to map what is known — and what gaps remain — about the direct health consequences of plastic particles in human tissues.

2022 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Study of Microplastics in Human Blood

This study reviewed findings on microplastic contamination in human blood, noting that particles have been detected in the majority of samples tested, while the health consequences remain unclear and warrant urgent further investigation.

2023 International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Humans: A Critical Review of Biomonitoring Evidence and Immune–Metabolic Associations

This review critically evaluates the current evidence on microplastic detection in human tissues and biological fluids, focusing on methodological challenges and the potential biological mechanisms of action. Researchers found significant variation across studies due to differences in analytical techniques and sample handling protocols. The study highlights emerging evidence linking microplastic presence in the body to immune and metabolic disruptions, while noting that standardized detection methods are urgently needed.

2025 Applied Sciences 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Exposure and Human Health: Advancing Risk Assessment and Future Research Directions

This review synthesizes recent evidence that microplastics are present in human blood, respiratory tissue, placenta, and gut, examines proposed toxicological mechanisms, and identifies priorities for improving risk assessment frameworks and exposure measurement methods.

2025 Theoretical and Natural Science
Article Tier 2

A critical viewpoint on current issues, limitations, and future research needs on micro- and nanoplastic studies: From the detection to the toxicological assessment.

This critical review examines the current methods for detecting and characterizing micro- and nanoplastics in various environmental samples, as well as reported toxic effects from in vivo and in vitro studies. The authors found that while substantial effort has been made to understand microplastic behavior, the scientific community is still far from a complete understanding of how these particles behave in biological systems. The review calls for improved standardized protocols and more studies focused on uptake kinetics, accumulation, and biodistribution.

2019 Environmental Research 163 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and nanoplastics: Exposure and toxicological effects require important analysis considerations

This review highlights that while microplastics and nanoplastics have been found in human tissues and linked to several diseases, the actual toxic effects are still unclear because researchers use very different methods to study them. The authors call for standardized testing approaches so that results can be compared reliably, which is critical for determining what levels of exposure actually pose a risk to human health.

2024 Heliyon 29 citations
Meta Analysis Tier 1

Systemic Accumulation and Distribution of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Human Tissues and Their Impact on Health: A Systematic Review

This systematic review synthesizes human evidence on the presence of micro- and nanoplastics in body tissues and fluids, including blood, lungs, placenta, breast milk, and liver. The research confirms that plastic particles can cross biological barriers and accumulate in multiple organ systems. While the long-term health effects are still being studied, the widespread presence of plastics inside the human body raises significant health concerns.

2026 Open Science Framework
Article Tier 2

Detection of microplastics in human tissues and organs: A scoping review

This scoping review summarizes studies that have detected microplastics in various human tissues and organs. The review found that microplastics enter the body through multiple routes and have distinct characteristics depending on where they accumulate. The variety of analytical techniques used across studies makes direct comparisons difficult, highlighting the need for standardized methods.

2024 Journal of Global Health 130 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in Human Tissues: Sources, Distribution, Toxicological Effects, and Health Implications

Researchers reviewed the growing body of evidence that microplastics accumulate in human tissues — including lung, blood, placenta, breast milk, and heart tissue — where they can trigger inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death. The review highlights urgent knowledge gaps around how plastic particles move through the body and what their long-term health effects may be.

2025 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science