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61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to Optimization of Cancer Risk Assessment Models for PM2.5-Bound PAHs: Application in Jingzhong, Shanxi, China
ClearEvaluation of the cancer risk from PAHs by inhalation: Are current methods fit for purpose?
Researchers analyzed current methods for estimating cancer risk from inhaling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) — toxic chemicals released by burning fossil fuels — and found that the two main approaches (WHO and U.S. EPA) produce dramatically different risk estimates. The study recommends using the WHO method and adopting newer mixture-based testing approaches for more reliable assessments.
Particle-bound PAHs and Chemical Composition, Sources and Health Risk of PM2.5 in a Highly Industrialized Area
Researchers monitored fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and cancer-causing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the heavily industrialized Tula region of Mexico across multiple years, finding that heavy oil combustion and vehicle exhaust were the dominant pollution sources, with lifetime cancer risk from inhaled particles ranging up to 1.2 × 10⁻⁴. The data suggest that switching industrial facilities from fuel oil to natural gas could significantly reduce cancer risk for nearby residents.
Seasonal variation, source identification, and health risk assessment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ulsan, South Korea
Researchers monitored air pollution at a residential site in South Korea over three seasons and found that cancer-causing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) — byproducts of coal and oil burning — were highest in winter and partly blew in from China and North Korea, with some lesser-studied PAH types posing underappreciated health risks.
Industrial Source Contributions and Health Risk Assessment of Fine Particle-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) during Spring and Late Summer in the Baoshan Area, Shanghai
Particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured across five particle size fractions in Shanghai's Baoshan industrial area in spring and late summer 2017, with GC-MS analysis finding higher PAH concentrations in spring and identifying industrial combustion as the dominant source.
Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review
This review summarizes what is known about human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) attached to airborne particulate matter. Researchers found that inhalation is the primary exposure route and that PAH concentrations vary significantly across different environments, indoor spaces, and populations. The study highlights the established links between PAH exposure and health risks including cancer-causing and mutation-inducing effects.
Traffic and Industrial Contributions of Particle-Bound PAHs during an Air Pollution Event in the Metropolitan Area of Medellin-Colombia: Inhalation Intake Risk during Pregnancy
Researchers measured airborne particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Medellin metropolitan area of Colombia during an air pollution event. They found that traffic and industrial sources contributed differently depending on the monitoring location, and estimated inhalation intake risks for pregnant women. The study suggests that exposure during these pollution episodes may warrant further investigation into potential health effects during pregnancy.
Source identification and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air and dust samples of Lahore City
Researchers measured cancer-causing compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air and street dust of Lahore, Pakistan across summer and winter seasons, finding dangerously high cancer risk levels — especially for children — from breathing and skin contact. Vehicle exhaust, burning diesel, and biomass combustion were identified as the primary sources of this toxic air pollution.
Health Risk Assessment of PAHs from Estuarine Sediments in the South of Italy
Researchers assessed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in sediments from three rivers in southern Italy and evaluated the associated cancer risk. The study found that while the risk from accidental ingestion was low, dermal contact with contaminated sediments posed a moderate cancer risk, providing a scientific basis for pollution control measures in the region.
Systemic inflammation mediates environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to increase chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk in United States adults: a cross-sectional NHANES study
Researchers analyzed data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to investigate the relationship between environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk. The findings suggest that high levels of PAH exposure significantly increase COPD risk, and that systemic inflammation may be a key pathway mediating this association.
Environmental Impact Of 2A 2B Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Industrial Soil: Status, Profile, Concentration and Assessment to Humans Health Risk
Researchers collected surface soil samples from five industrial zones in Riyadh and quantified IARC Group 2A and 2B carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, assessing cancer risk to adults and children via ingestion, dermal contact, and dust inhalation pathways, finding that children faced elevated risk due to soil ingestion behavior.
PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): quantification and source prediction studies in the ambient air of automobile workshop using the molecular diagnostic ratio
Researchers measured cancer-causing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bound to fine airborne particles near automobile workshops in Nigeria, finding concentrations well above safe levels in both dry and rainy seasons. Gasoline and diesel combustion were the main sources of these toxic compounds. While not directly about microplastics, PAHs are among the harmful chemicals that can stick to microplastic surfaces, and this study shows how airborne pollution creates chemical contaminants that microplastics can transport into water, soil, and the body.
China’s air quality improvement strategy may already be having a positive effect: evidence based on health risk assessment
Researchers assessed the health risks of PM2.5 air pollution across 16 cities in China's Shandong province using exposure-response modeling. The study estimated approximately 159,800 premature deaths and nearly 7.4 billion dollars in health-related economic costs linked to PM2.5 exposure in 2021, but notably found no significant increase in health risks compared to earlier assessments despite stricter evaluation criteria, suggesting that China's air quality improvement strategies may already be having a positive effect.
Assessment of cancer risk of microplastics enriched with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Researchers assessed the cancer risk of microplastics originating from e-waste that had adsorbed carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The study found that microplastics effectively captured PAHs through adsorption and estimated the probable cancer risk from human ingestion of PAH-enriched microplastics, suggesting this exposure pathway warrants further health risk evaluation.
Environmental Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Farmland Soils near Highways: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China
Researchers assessed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in roadside farmland soils near highways in Guangzhou, China across seasons, finding that PAH levels near high-traffic roads were significantly elevated above background. Vehicle emissions and tire wear were identified as the primary PAH sources, with carcinogenic risk scores exceeding safe thresholds at several sites.
Physical, chemical and toxicological properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in human exposure assessments to contaminated soil and groundwater
Researchers reviewed the physical, chemical, and toxicological properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons relevant to human exposure assessment in Romania, identifying gaps in groundwater regulation and proposing methodological guidelines for evaluating PAH exposure through contaminated soil and groundwater pathways.
Estimation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Groundwater from Campania Plain: Spatial Distribution, Source Attribution and Health Cancer Risk Evaluation
Researchers measured concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a group of potentially cancer-causing chemicals, in over 1,100 groundwater samples from the Campania Plain in southern Italy. They found the highest contamination levels in the Caserta Province area and used diagnostic ratios to identify both combustion and petroleum sources. The health risk assessment indicated that lifetime cancer risk from ingesting contaminated groundwater exceeded acceptable thresholds in some locations.
Potential Toxicity Risk Assessment and Priority Control Strategy for PAHs Metabolism and Transformation Behaviors in the Environment
Researchers evaluated the toxicity risks of 473 PAH transformation by-products generated during environmental degradation processes, establishing a comprehensive assessment system and identifying priority control strategies for managing PAH pollution in different environmental media.
Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
Researchers assessed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution in airborne particulate matter across urban and rural sites in western Saudi Arabia over one year, finding significantly higher PAH concentrations in urban Jeddah compared to rural areas, with vehicle emissions and industrial activity as dominant sources.
Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
Researchers assessed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution in airborne particulate matter across urban and rural sites in western Saudi Arabia over one year, finding significantly higher PAH concentrations in urban Jeddah compared to rural areas, with vehicle emissions and industrial activity as dominant sources.
Mutagenic and genotoxic effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on health: Mechanisms and Risk assessment
This review examines how polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons become mutagenic metabolites that bind to DNA and generate reactive oxygen species via cytochrome P450 enzyme pathways, causing genotoxic and carcinogenic damage, with women more vulnerable due to higher body fat accumulation of PAHs.
Optimization of a simple, effective, and greener methodology for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon extraction from human adipose tissue
Researchers optimized a greener analytical method for extracting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from human adipose tissue, addressing the gap in techniques for assessing long-term accumulation of these lipophilic environmental pollutants in fat stores.
Assessment of Health Risks from Agricultural Soils Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Across Different Land-Use Categories of Bangladesh
Researchers assessed levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a group of harmful chemical pollutants, in agricultural soils across Bangladesh. Industrial areas had the highest contamination levels, followed by coastal and market areas, with concentrations declining at greater soil depths. The study found that while current exposure levels pose low cancer risk, continued monitoring is needed since these persistent chemicals accumulate in soil and can enter the food chain.
Integrated system for rapid enrichment and detection of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Researchers built a compact integrated device that concentrates airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) — toxic combustion byproducts — through threaded microchannels and delivers them to a detection chip within 25 minutes, achieving a detection limit of 3.3 ng/m³ suitable for routine air quality monitoring.
Biodegradation and Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Environment: A Review
This review examines polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) — toxic compounds produced by incomplete combustion of fuels — covering their environmental sources, biodegradation pathways, and health risks including cancer, which they pose to humans, animals, and ecosystems.