Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Settling of inertial nonspherical particles in wavy flow

Lab experiments showed that plastic particles of different shapes — rods, disks, and spheres — settle at different rates in wavy water, and waves can both speed up and slow down their sinking. Understanding how particle shape affects transport in ocean currents is key to predicting where microplastics accumulate.

2020 Physical Review Fluids 21 citations
Article Tier 2

Parametric study of the dispersion of inertial ellipsoidal particles in a wave-current flow

This study systematically examined how the shape, size, and density of inertial ellipsoidal particles influence their dispersion by wave-current flows, with direct relevance to predicting how microplastic fragments and fibers of varying morphology are transported in coastal and marine environments.

2024 Physical Review Fluids 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Transport of anisotropic particles under waves

A computer model showed that non-spherical particles (like many microplastic fragments and fibers) behave differently from spherical ones in wave-driven water flow, affecting how they orient and where they travel. Accounting for particle shape is important for accurately predicting where microplastic debris accumulates in coastal and ocean environments.

2017 Journal of Fluid Mechanics 77 citations
Article Tier 2

Wave-averaged motion of small particles in surface gravity waves: effect of particle shape on orientation, drift, and dispersion

This study modeled how the shape of particles like microplastics affects their movement, orientation, and drift in ocean surface waves. Researchers found that elongated or asymmetric particles behave very differently from spheres, influencing how far and where they travel. Better understanding of shape-dependent transport is needed to accurately predict how microplastics distribute across ocean surfaces.

2023 arXiv (Cornell University) 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Wave-averaged motion of small particles in surface gravity waves: Effect of particle shape on orientation, drift, and dispersion

This study uses mathematical modeling to show that the shape of a small particle — such as a microplastic fragment — determines how it orients itself, drifts, and spreads when carried by ocean surface waves. This matters for predicting where microplastics accumulate in the ocean, since non-spherical fibers and fragments move very differently from spheres under the same wave conditions.

2023 Physical Review Fluids 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Effect of Shape and Size on the Transport of Floating Particles on the Free Surface in a Meandering Stream

Using particle tracking in a field-scale meandering stream, researchers found that the shape and size of floating particles — including microplastics — significantly affect how they move with water currents. Irregularly shaped particles behave differently than spheres, which matters for predicting where plastic pollution accumulates in waterways.

2023 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Inertial effects on the transport of an anisotropic particle in surface gravity waves

Researchers modeled the transport and rotation of ellipsoidal particles — representing microplastic fibers and other non-spherical shapes — in surface ocean waves. They found that particle shape significantly affects horizontal drift, with elongated particles drifting at different rates than spheres. These results indicate that accurately predicting the transport of fiber microplastics in the ocean requires accounting for particle shape.

2023
Article Tier 2

Settling velocity of microplastic particles having regular and irregular shapes

Researchers measured how quickly microplastic particles of various shapes settle through water, testing 66 different particle types including spheres, cylinders, fibers, and irregular fragments. They found that particle shape significantly affects settling speed, with fibers and flat shapes sinking more slowly than spheres of the same size. The study provides new equations for predicting where microplastics end up in oceans and waterways based on their shape.

2023 Environmental Research 86 citations
Article Tier 2

Effect of Surface Waves on Settling and Drifting of Microplastic Particles: A Laboratory Experiment

Researchers conducted laboratory wave-channel experiments to study the trajectories, settling velocities, and drift velocities of microplastic particles of varying shapes (isometric, flat, elongated) under surface wave and wind-driven current conditions, finding terminal settling velocities of 1.0-3.8 cm/s in still fluid and characterizing how wave action modifies transport behavior.

2024 Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Settling velocity of irregularly shaped microplastics under steady and dynamic flow conditions

The settling velocities of irregularly shaped microplastics were measured under both still water and dynamic flow conditions, finding that shape strongly affected settling speed and that turbulence caused non-spherical particles to orient and settle differently than spheres, with implications for predicting microplastic vertical transport in rivers and coastal waters.

2021 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 92 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic drift : Mapping the course of microplastic transport in turbulent riverine flows.

Researchers investigated the transport dynamics of 24 negatively buoyant microplastic particles across a spectrum of sizes, shapes, and densities using a 3D particle tracking system in turbulent open channel flow, generating 720 trajectories. They found that particle shape was the dominant determinant of transport behavior, with fibers tending to remain near the water surface at lower forward velocities while spheres stayed closer to the bed with higher forward velocities.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Orientation dynamics of nonspherical particles under surface gravity waves

This experimental study found that non-spherical particles (like many microplastic fragments) orient themselves in specific ways when exposed to surface ocean waves, affecting how they move and sink. These orientation effects are not captured in simple spherical particle models, suggesting current microplastic transport predictions may be inaccurate.

2019 Physical Review Fluids 37 citations
Article Tier 2

Analysis of hydraulic conditions considering the influence of particle shape

This review article examined how particle shape influences fluid dynamics and sediment transport across various engineering and environmental contexts. Understanding particle shape effects is relevant to predicting how microplastics of different shapes move and settle in aquatic environments.

2023 International Journal of Hydropower and Civil Engineering
Article Tier 2

Plastic drift : Mapping the course of microplastic transport in turbulent riverine flows.

Researchers conducted laboratory experiments tracking the 3D trajectories of 24 negatively buoyant microplastic particles spanning a range of sizes, shapes, and densities in turbulent open channel flow, generating 720 trajectories to evaluate how well conventional sediment transport models apply to microplastics. Results revealed that the inherent variability in microplastic physical properties challenges direct application of sediment transport concepts to microplastic fate prediction in rivers.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Longitudinal Dispersion and Hyporheic Exchange of Neutrally Buoyant Microplastics in the Presence of Waves and Currents

Laboratory experiments tracked neutrally buoyant microplastics (mimicking polyethylene density) under different water conditions including combined wave-current flows, finding that their movement through the water column closely resembles dissolved tracers — but that microplastics already lodged in a riverbed sediment exchange more slowly than solutes due to density-driven effects over longer timescales. Understanding these transport dynamics is essential for accurate models predicting where microplastics accumulate in river and coastal sediments.

2024 Microplastics 2 citations
Article Tier 2

On some physical and dynamical properties of microplastic particles in marine environment

This study examined the physical and dynamical properties of microplastic particles in marine environments, using modeling to predict how particle shape, density, and size govern transport, dispersion, and accumulation patterns.

2016 Marine Pollution Bulletin 629 citations
Article Tier 2

Settling velocity of microplastic particles of regular shapes

This study measured the sinking velocities of spherical, cylindrical, and filament-shaped microplastic particles ranging from 0.5 to 5 mm, finding that shape strongly determines how quickly particles settle through the water column. Understanding settling behavior is essential for modeling how microplastics are transported and deposited in marine environments.

2016 Marine Pollution Bulletin 457 citations
Article Tier 2

Wave-induced cross-shore distribution of different densities, shapes, and sizes of plastic debris in coastal environments: A laboratory experiment

Researchers conducted laboratory experiments to understand how wave-induced currents sort and transport plastic debris of different densities, shapes, and sizes across coastal environments, revealing distinct cross-shore distribution patterns.

2023 Marine Pollution Bulletin 31 citations
Article Tier 2

Mobility and retention of microplastic fibers and irregular plastic fragments in fluvial systems: an experimental flume study

Researchers conducted experimental flume studies to compare the mobility and retention of microplastic fibres and irregularly shaped plastic fragments in fluvial systems. The study found that particle shape strongly influences transport behaviour, with fibres exhibiting greater mobility and distinct retention patterns compared to irregular fragments, highlighting the need to move beyond spherical particle models in microplastic transport research.

2025 Microplastics and Nanoplastics
Article Tier 2

A Laboratory Dataset on Transport and Deposition of Spherical and Cylindrical Large Microplastics for Validation of Numerical Models

This paper presents a laboratory dataset on the transport and deposition of spherical microplastic particles under controlled flow conditions, providing empirical data on how particle size and flow velocity influence settling and lateral dispersion. The dataset is intended to support calibration of microplastic transport models.

2024 Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Effect of Shape and Size on the Transport of Floating Particles on the Free Surface in a Natural Stream

Researchers used particle tracking velocimetry to study how shape and size affect the movement of floating particles on the turbulent free surface of a natural stream, finding that millimeter-scale spheres behaved differently from centimeter-scale irregular objects. Understanding particle transport mechanics is essential for predicting microplastic fate in river systems.

2023 Water Resources Research 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Modeling the settling and resuspension of microplastics in rivers: Effect of particle properties and flow conditions

Researchers developed a mathematical model to simulate how microplastics of different shapes settle and resuspend in rivers, moving beyond the common assumption that all particles are spherical. They found that turbulence has a complex effect, sometimes keeping particles suspended longer and sometimes accelerating their settling, depending on flow conditions. The model reveals that particle shape significantly influences where microplastics end up in river systems.

2024 Water Research 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Empirical Shape-Based Estimation of Settling Microplastic Particles Drag Coefficient

This study experimentally measured the settling behavior of flat square microplastic particles in water, finding that shape significantly affects sinking speed and drag compared to spherical particles. Understanding how microplastic shapes influence settling is essential for modeling where plastics accumulate in rivers and ocean sediments.

2023 Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Towards better predicting the settling velocity of film-shaped microplastics based on experiment and simulation data

Researchers combined experimental and simulation data to better predict how film-shaped microplastics settle through water, since most existing models are based on spherical particles. They found that the particle definition approach was more suitable than equivalent spherical diameter for characterizing flat, irregular microplastics. The improved settling velocity predictions could help scientists better understand how film-shaped microplastics travel and accumulate in aquatic environments.

2024 Marine Pollution Bulletin 10 citations