Papers

61,005 results
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Review Tier 2

Micro(nano)plastics and plastic additives effects in marine annelids: A literature review

This literature review summarized current knowledge on how micro- and nanoplastics and plastic additives accumulate in and affect marine polychaete worms, which are important sediment-dwelling organisms. Researchers compiled evidence from both laboratory and field studies published between 2011 and 2022. The review highlights that these organisms are particularly exposed to plastic pollution in marine sediments and face ecotoxicological risks from both the plastics themselves and the chemical additives they release.

2022 Environmental Research 43 citations
Article Tier 2

Emerging Marine Nematodes as Model Organisms: Which Species for Which Question?

This review evaluates the potential of marine nematodes as model organisms for studying biological questions related to ecosystem functioning, climate change, ecotoxicology, and biotechnology. Researchers identified several promising species with manageable life cycles and available genomic resources that could be used in laboratory settings. The study highlights their value for investigating environmental stress responses, including exposure to pollutants like microplastics in marine habitats.

2025 Diversity 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Tracking the micro- and nanoplastics in the terrestrial-freshwater food webs. Bivalves as sentinel species

Researchers tracked the transfer of micro- and nanoplastics through an experimental terrestrial-freshwater food chain involving earthworms, freshwater mussels, and predatory fish. The study found evidence of trophic transfer of plastic particles across species, with bivalves serving as effective sentinel organisms for monitoring plastic contamination in freshwater ecosystems.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Hediste diversicolor as a biological model for the study of the effects of nanoplastics

Researchers used the marine worm Hediste diversicolor to study the effects of nanoplastics in sediment environments. The worm accumulated nanoplastics and showed biological responses, suggesting these tiny particles can harm benthic invertebrates that play key roles in sediment health.

2019 Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Article Tier 2

Species-specific effects of long-term microplastic exposure on the population growth of nematodes, with a focus on microplastic ingestion

Scientists conducted long-term microplastic exposure experiments on freshwater nematode species and found species-specific effects on population growth, with ingestion rates and harm varying substantially across species despite identical exposure conditions.

2020 Ecological Indicators 70 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and earthworms in soils: A case study on translocation, toxicity and fate

This conference abstract presents research on how earthworms in agricultural soils interact with microplastics, examining whether worms translocate particles deeper into soil, experience toxic effects, and alter the fate of microplastic contamination. Earthworms are key soil engineers, and their exposure to microplastics could have cascading effects on soil health.

2020
Article Tier 2

Effects of microplastics on survival, reproduction, and the microbiome of the freshwater oligochaete Tubifex tubifex

The freshwater oligochaete Tubifex tubifex was exposed to 6 µm and 45 µm polystyrene microbeads and 100 µm PET microfibers, with effects on survival, reproduction, and gut microbiome assessed. Fibers had greater negative effects on reproduction than microbeads, and all MP types altered the worm microbiome composition.

2025 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Article Tier 2

Are Fragrance Encapsulates Taken Up by Aquatic and Terrestrial Invertebrate Species?

The uptake of fragrance encapsulates by aquatic invertebrates and earthworms was investigated, finding that these micron-sized polymer capsules used in laundry products can be ingested by freshwater and soil organisms, qualifying them as microplastics and raising questions about their ecological fate after release through washing.

2021 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Investigations into the Roles of Organisms on Environmental Plastic Pollution

This thesis investigated the roles of organisms in environmental plastic pollution, examining how marine and freshwater animals ingest microplastics and how they may transfer them through food webs. The work contributes to understanding the ecological consequences of plastic contamination in aquatic ecosystems.

2021 Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium)
Article Tier 2

The Effect of Microplastic on the Uptake of Chemicals by the Lugworm Arenicola marina (L.) under Environmentally Relevant Exposure Conditions

Researchers used the lugworm Arenicola marina to test whether microplastics affect the uptake of co-occurring chemicals, finding that microplastics altered the bioavailability of chemicals and modified their uptake and distribution in worm tissues.

2017 Environmental Science & Technology 150 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic-Earthworm Interactions: A Critical Review

This critical review examines how microplastics from diverse plastic waste categories accumulate in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and interact with earthworms, a key soil organism. The authors synthesize evidence on the deleterious effects of increasing microplastic concentrations on soil properties, microbiota, and earthworm physiology.

2024 International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Fate and effects of an environmentally relevant mixture of microplastics in simple freshwater microcosms

Researchers tested how a realistic mixture of different microplastic types affects freshwater invertebrates in indoor ecosystems over 28 days. The study found that worms and snails consumed microplastics in sizes related to their mouth dimensions, and while the plastics settled and moved through the water in predictable patterns, no significant harmful effects on the animals were observed at the concentrations tested.

2024 Aquatic Toxicology 6 citations
Article Tier 2

The potential for microplastics to cause harm in the marine environment

This thesis assessed the potential for microplastics to harm marine organisms, focusing on benthic polychaete worms that live in and around contaminated sediments. The research investigated both the physical toxicity from ingested plastic particles and the chemical toxicity from pollutants sorbed onto microplastic surfaces, where concentrations of these contaminants can be much higher than in surrounding seawater.

2015 Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) 6 citations
Article Tier 2

A Comprehensive Review on Microplastic Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems and Their Effects on Aquatic Biota

This comprehensive review examines microplastic pollution across freshwater and marine ecosystems and its effects on aquatic organisms. Researchers found that microplastics are abundant in both environments and that nearly all studies reviewed documented uptake by organisms along with alterations in biochemical parameters. The evidence indicates that microplastic contamination is becoming an increasingly serious environmental and health concern for aquatic life.

2023 AQUATIC SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Earthworms on a microplastics diet

Researchers found that environmentally relevant concentrations of polyethylene microplastics added to plant litter on soil surfaces led to reduced growth and elevated mortality in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris, and that earthworms may themselves transport ingested microplastics deeper into soils.

2016 Science 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Isolation of Microplastics from Freshwater Macroinvertebrates in the Danube River

Researchers isolated microplastics from three freshwater species — mollusks, worms, and midge larvae — collected from the Danube River during a major scientific survey. Using different organism types as biological monitors showed that microplastic contamination is widespread in the river's aquatic ecosystem.

2022 Facta Universitatis Series Medicine and Biology 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in aquatic environments: Occurrence, accumulation, and biological effects

This review compiled evidence on microplastic occurrence, accumulation, and biological effects in global aquatic environments, covering uptake by organisms across trophic levels and the role of microplastics as vectors for persistent organic pollutants. The authors highlight concentration-dependent toxicity and the need for ecologically relevant exposure scenarios in laboratory studies.

2019 The Science of The Total Environment 810 citations
Article Tier 2

The impacts of microplastic ingestion on marine polychaete worms

This thesis investigated how polychaete worms (common bottom-dwelling marine animals) ingest and are affected by microplastics across estuaries in South Devon, UK. Microplastics were found to cause measurable harm to these organisms, which play important roles in marine sediment ecosystems.

2019 Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Size-dependent vector effects of microplastics on bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic contaminants in earthworm: A dual-dosing study

Researchers developed a dual-dosing method to directly measure how microplastics act as carriers for hydrophobic organic contaminants in earthworms. The study found that smaller microplastic particles had greater vector effects, increasing bioaccumulation of pollutants, and that dermal uptake played a significant role in contaminant transfer from microplastics to organisms.

2024 Environment International 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Earthworms Exposed to Polyethylene and Biodegradable Microplastics in Soil: Microplastic Characterization and Microbial Community Analysis

Researchers exposed earthworms to biodegradable and conventional polyethylene microplastics in natural soil and found that worms ingested both types. The biodegradable plastic showed signs of partial breakdown in the earthworm gut, while conventional polyethylene remained unchanged. Although microplastics did not significantly alter the soil or gut microbiome in this study, the results confirm that earthworms transport microplastics through soil ecosystems.

2023 ACS Agricultural Science & Technology 42 citations
Article Tier 2

Ingestion of Microplastics by Freshwater Tubifex Worms

This study found that Tubifex worms living in the sediments of an urban waterway had ingested microplastic particles, providing one of the first field-based (rather than lab-based) demonstrations of microplastic ingestion by freshwater invertebrates. The finding suggests that sediment-dwelling organisms are exposed to microplastics in real-world polluted environments.

2017 Environmental Science & Technology 271 citations
Article Tier 2

Bioindicators selection in the strategies for monitoring microplastic pollution

Researchers reviewed strategies for selecting the best 'sentinel' species — from mussels to earthworms — to serve as biological indicators of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in both aquatic and land environments. Choosing the right species based on behavior, habitat, and exposure pathways is essential for building consistent, comparable monitoring programs that can track plastic pollution over time.

2024 Ecological Indicators 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxic effects of polyethylene microplastics on Allonais inaequalis, Chironomus sancticaroli and Daphnia magna under conventional and stressful exposures

Lab experiments showed that polyethylene microplastics caused toxic effects in three freshwater invertebrates — a worm, a midge larva, and a water flea — under both standard and stressful conditions. The results indicate microplastics pose a real threat to freshwater biodiversity across different aquatic species.

2020 Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo)
Article Tier 2

Using Earthworm (Aporrectodea caliginosa) as Vital Soil Pollution Bio-indicator for Microplastic Toxicity

Researchers exposed earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa) to three types of microplastics—polyester, polyacrylic, and polyethylene—found commonly in Egypt to assess toxicity over five weeks. Results showed dose-dependent declines in earthworm survival and morphological damage, with polyacrylic particles causing the greatest harm.

2025 Catrina The International Journal of Environmental Sciences