Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

A hydrophobic and degradable straw based on the ethyl cellulose-coated bacterial cellulose

Researchers developed a hydrophobic and biodegradable straw made from ethyl cellulose-coated bacterial cellulose as a microplastic-free alternative to conventional disposable plastic straws. The cellulose-based straw achieved the hydrophobicity needed for beverage use while remaining biodegradable, offering a sustainable substitute that avoids microplastic shedding during use and disposal.

2024
Article Tier 2

An ethyl cellulose-coated bacterial cellulose based hydrophobic and degradable straw-like materials towards drinking straws

Researchers developed a microplastic-free drinking straw by coating bacterial cellulose with ethyl cellulose, achieving strong mechanical performance (66.82 MPa bending strength), water-repellent surfaces, and complete soil biodegradation within 20 days — outperforming conventional polylactic acid straws on both durability and environmental decomposition.

2025 Carbohydrate Polymers 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Edible, Ultrastrong, and Microplastic‐Free Bacterial Cellulose‐Based Straws by Biosynthesis

Researchers developed a new type of drinking straw made from bacterial cellulose that is edible, free of microplastics, and mechanically stronger than paper straws. The straw uses an alginate coating instead of adhesives and has a three-dimensional nanofiber structure that outperforms commercially available alternatives. This biosynthesized straw offers a healthier and more environmentally friendly replacement for disposable plastic straws.

2021 Advanced Functional Materials 112 citations
Article Tier 2

Growing Strong Polysaccharide-Derived Edible Straws with an Inherent Structural Binder via Biomanufacturing

Researchers developed edible straws made from bacterial cellulose and starch using a biomanufacturing approach, as an alternative to plastic straws that contribute to microplastic pollution. The straws demonstrated strong mechanical performance, maintaining their structure in both hot and cold beverages for extended periods. The study suggests that bio-manufactured food-contact materials could help reduce reliance on conventional plastics and the associated microplastic risks.

2025 Nano Letters 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Production of Cost-Effective Biodegradable Straw

Researchers developed a biodegradable drinking straw made from natural, chemical-free materials as an alternative to plastic straws. Plastic straws are a common source of single-use plastic pollution and potential microplastic generation in marine environments.

2021 International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Bacterial cellulose biopolymers: The sustainable solution to water-polluting microplastics

Researchers developed bacterial cellulose (BC) biopolymer filters as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based polymer filters used in wastewater treatment plant microplastic removal. BC filters showed high MP capture efficiency and are biodegradable, addressing both microplastic pollution and the environmental costs of conventional synthetic filter maintenance.

2022 Water Research 66 citations
Article Tier 2

Applications of regenerated bacterial cellulose: a review

This review examines bacterial cellulose as a sustainable alternative to synthetic polymers that contribute to microplastic pollution. Bacterial cellulose is biodegradable, renewable, and has strong mechanical properties, making it suitable for packaging, textiles, and biomedical applications. The study highlights recent advances in processing techniques that could make bacterial cellulose more commercially viable as a replacement for plastics in everyday products.

2024 Cellulose 27 citations
Article Tier 2

Development of functional bacterial cellulose composites from Kombucha waste for biodegradable food packaging

Researchers produced bacterial cellulose composite films from kombucha production waste, modifying them with antimicrobial and structural agents to create biodegradable food packaging. The composites showed adequate mechanical and barrier properties, offering a sustainable alternative to petrochemical packaging that avoids microplastic generation during degradation.

2025
Article Tier 2

Development of functional bacterial cellulose composites from Kombucha waste for biodegradable food packaging

Researchers developed biodegradable food packaging films from bacterial cellulose grown in kombucha waste, chemically enhancing the material to achieve stronger mechanical strength and better moisture and oxygen barriers than unmodified cellulose. Unlike conventional plastic packaging that persists for centuries, these films broke down within months, offering a practical way to reduce microplastic pollution from food packaging.

2025 Discover Applied Sciences
Article Tier 2

Ecological packaging: Creating sustainable solutions with all-natural biodegradable cellulose materials

Researchers developed a pure cellulose food packaging material by combining bacterial cellulose and ethyl cellulose — both natural, biodegradable materials — into a strong, water-resistant film that degrades naturally and avoids the microplastic pollution associated with conventional single-use plastic packaging. The material's mechanical strength, water resistance, and recyclability position it as a practical plastic replacement for food packaging.

2024 Giant 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Biotechnology in Food Packaging Using Bacterial Cellulose

This review explores bacterial cellulose as a biodegradable, biocompatible alternative to conventional plastic food packaging, which contributes to micro- and nanoplastic pollution that threatens both the environment and human health. While bacterial cellulose shows strong potential due to its mechanical strength and food preservation abilities, scaling up production remains a challenge due to higher costs and manufacturing difficulties.

2024 Foods 25 citations
Article Tier 2

A Preliminary Evaluation on the Development of Edible Drinking Straw from Guso (Eucheuma cottonii) Seaweeds

Researchers developed edible drinking straws from Guso seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) with different plasticizer concentrations and evaluated their biodegradability, strength, and water resistance. Replacing single-use plastic straws with edible, biodegradable alternatives reduces the plastic waste that enters aquatic environments and eventually fragments into microplastics.

2023 Proceedings of International Exchange and Innovation Conference on Engineering & Sciences (IEICES) 2 citations
Article Tier 2

All-natural, hydrophobic, biodegradable cellulose-based straws through simultaneous esterification and filling with stearic acid for cold beverages

Researchers developed a biodegradable, all-natural straw made from bleached bamboo fibers and stearic acid as an alternative to plastic straws that generate microplastics. The straw achieved strong hydrophobicity, worked well in cold beverages including tea, coffee, and milk, and fully degraded in soil within 50 days. The study offers a promising green alternative that avoids both the microplastic pollution from plastic straws and the chemical additives used in conventional paper straws.

2024 International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Bio-based alternatives to plastic drinking straws: are they more environmentally benign and consumer preferred?

This study evaluated bio-based alternatives to conventional plastic drinking straws, assessing the environmental footprint of paper and polylactic acid straws versus plastic and comparing their functional properties including user experience.

2023 Carbon Research 17 citations
Article Tier 2

Edible Straws as Promising Biodegradable Alternatives to Single-Use Plastics: A Comprehensive Review

Single-use plastic straws are a small but symbolic part of the microplastics problem, and this review surveys research into edible straws as a biodegradable alternative, covering materials ranging from cassava starch and seaweed to cellulose and proteins. Lab results are promising — cellulose-based versions show good strength, seaweed-based ones biodegrade quickly, and life cycle analyses confirm ecological advantages over plastic — but challenges including high production costs, short shelf life, and lack of regulatory standards are holding back commercial adoption. The review concludes that realizing the potential of edible straws will require coordination across material science, food engineering, and policy.

2026
Article Tier 2

In Situ Synthesis of Plasticized Bacterial Cellulose Films for Daily Packaging Using Biobased Plasticizers

Researchers synthesized plasticized bacterial cellulose films in situ and characterized their mechanical, optical, and barrier properties for daily packaging applications, finding the bio-based materials offered competitive performance with lower environmental impact than petroleum-based alternatives.

2025 ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic and adhesive free, multifunctional, circular economy approach-based biomass-derived drinking straws

Researchers developed drinking straws made from rice straw waste that are free of microplastics and adhesives. The study suggests these bio-based straws are water-stable, heat-resistant, antibacterial, and biodegradable, with a dramatically lower carbon footprint than metal or polylactic acid alternatives, turning agricultural waste into a useful consumer product.

2024 iScience 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Bacterial cellulose: A smart biomaterial for biomedical applications

This review covers bacterial cellulose, a natural material produced by bacteria that has unique properties like high purity, biodegradability, and excellent water retention. It shows promise for medical uses including wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering as a sustainable alternative to synthetic materials. As concerns grow about microplastic contamination from synthetic polymers in medical products, biodegradable alternatives like bacterial cellulose become increasingly relevant.

2023 Journal of materials research/Pratt's guide to venture capital sources 61 citations
Article Tier 2

Citric acid cross-linked regenerated bacterial cellulose as biodegradable and biocompatible film for food packaging

Researchers developed biodegradable packaging films from regenerated bacterial cellulose cross-linked with citric acid. The films showed good mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Bacterial cellulose-based packaging could serve as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastic films and reduce microplastic generation from food packaging.

2023 Research Square (Research Square)
Article Tier 2

In Situ Fermentation of an Ultra-Strong, Microplastic-Free, and Biodegradable Multilayer Bacterial Cellulose Film for Food Packaging

Researchers developed an ultra-strong, biodegradable multilayer bacterial cellulose film for food packaging using an in situ fermentation approach with gellan gum assistance. The study presents a microplastic-free alternative to conventional plastic packaging that incorporates antibacterial properties through quaternary ammonium chitosan microspheres.

2023 ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 42 citations
Article Tier 2

A Review on Edible Straws

This review examines edible straws as a biodegradable alternative to single-use plastic straws, synthesizing research on their material compositions, structural performance, sensory properties, and alignment with global sustainability goals to reduce microplastic accumulation from disposable plastic products.

2025 European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety
Article Tier 2

Bacterial cellulose bio-scrubber impregnated with antibacterial flavonoids from Moringa leaves as a microplastic substitution solution

Researchers developed a bacterial cellulose-based scrubbing material infused with antibacterial compounds from Moringa leaves as a plastic-free alternative to conventional plastic-containing scrubbers. The bio-scrubber was effective at removing contaminants and could reduce the release of microplastics from synthetic scrubbing products into wastewater.

2023 AIP conference proceedings 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Ultrastrong, Hydrostable, and Degradable Straws Derived from Microplastic-Free Thermoset Films for Sustainable Development

Researchers developed strong, moisture-stable drinking straws from all-natural thermoset materials derived from plant-based resins, demonstrating that the resulting straws are microplastic-free, fully biodegradable, and mechanically superior to paper straws which collapse in beverages.

2023 ACS Omega 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Investigating interface adhesion of PLA-coated cellulose paper straws: Degradation, plant growth effects, and life cycle assessment

Researchers developed polylactic acid-coated cellulose paper straws as an alternative to single-use plastic straws and evaluated their environmental impact. The straws decomposed 35-40% within 4 months in soil and compost, though microplastics were detected in surrounding soil and plant tissues. Life cycle assessment showed that the manufacturing improvements reduced the ecological footprint compared to conventional plastic straws, though the release of microplastics during degradation warrants further study.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 15 citations