Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Low cost, high throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale

Researchers developed three standardized textile wash test methods for quantifying microplastic fiber shedding during laundering, introducing a 'fibre fragmentation scale' to rank textile designs by shedding propensity and enable systematic comparison across materials and processing variables.

2025
Article Tier 2

Recommendation: Low-cost, high-throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale — R1/PR5

This recommendation paper outlines a low-cost, high-throughput protocol for quantifying microplastics shed from textiles during washing, designed for use by labs without specialized equipment. The method standardizes fiber fragmentation testing to support textile industry comparisons.

2024
Article Tier 2

Recommendation: Low-cost, high-throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale — R0/PR2

This recommendation paper accompanies a proposed fibre fragmentation scale for measuring microplastic release from textiles during washing, aiming to establish consistent test methods that enable textile designers to reduce fibre shedding.

2024
Article Tier 2

Author comment: Low-cost, high-throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale — R1/PR4

This author comment introduces three new test methods using standard laundering equipment for quantifying microplastic fibers released from textiles, and proposes a gravimetric analysis approach to enable comparisons across labs and fabric types. The commentary discusses the limitations of current high-throughput quantification methods and proposes the fibre fragmentation scale as a standard metric.

2024
Article Tier 2

Author comment: Low-cost, high-throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale — R0/PR1

This methods paper proposes a simple visual grading scale — analogous to colour fastness cards used in the textile industry — to make fibre fragmentation testing faster and cheaper without losing accuracy. Standardising how synthetic textiles are tested for microfibre shedding is critical for designing lower-polluting fabrics and reducing one of the main sources of microplastic fibres entering waterways through laundry.

2023
Article Tier 2

Microplastics Shedding from Textiles—Developing Analytical Method for Measurement of Shed Material Representing Release during Domestic Washing

Researchers developed an analytical method to measure microplastic shedding from textiles during domestic washing, identifying key methodological variables that explain the large variation in shedding measurements across prior studies and proposing a standardized approach for more comparable results.

2018 Sustainability 109 citations
Article Tier 2

Decision: Low-cost, high-throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale — R0/PR3

Researchers introduce a fibre fragmentation scale to support low-cost, high-throughput quantification of microplastic fibre shedding from textiles during washing, providing a standardized tool for industry to design lower-shedding products.

2024
Article Tier 2

Reliable quantification of microplastic release from the domestic laundry of textile fabrics

This study identified major sources of variation in methods used to quantify microplastic fiber release from textile laundry, recommending a standardized testing protocol to enable reliable comparisons across fabrics, machines, and washing conditions.

2021 Journal of the Textile Institute 51 citations
Article Tier 2

A Feasible and Efficient Monitoring Method of Synthetic Fibers Released during Textile Washing

Researchers developed and validated a feasible monitoring method for quantifying synthetic microfibers released from textiles during washing, addressing the need for standardized protocols to measure microfiber emissions. The method provided reproducible results for collecting and characterizing microfibers from wash effluent to support emission modeling.

2024 Microplastics 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantifying shedding of synthetic fibers from textiles; a source of microplastics released into the environment

Researchers quantified the shedding of synthetic fibers from textiles during simulated washing, finding that fabric type, age, and wash conditions significantly affected fiber release, and establishing a quantitative basis for estimating textile-derived microplastic inputs.

2017 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 590 citations
Article Tier 2

A novel approach for rapid quantification and length distribution of microfibers released during domestic laundry.

Researchers developed a novel rapid method for directly quantifying microfibers released during domestic laundry and deriving their length distribution density function, addressing the lack of standardized quantification approaches for this significant source of microfiber pollution.

2025 Journal of hazardous materials
Article Tier 2

Influence of laundry effluent stability on fibre fragments indentification

Researchers examined how the stability of laundry effluent samples affects the identification and characterization of synthetic fiber fragments (FFs) released during textile washing. The study addressed methodological challenges in quantifying fibrillar microplastics across varying effluent concentrations and degradation states, finding that sample stability is a critical variable influencing accurate fiber fragment analysis.

2025 Koža & obuća
Article Tier 2

Quantification and identification of microfibers released from textiles during simulated accelerated washing

Researchers tested multiple methods for measuring microfibers released from fabrics during washing and found significant inconsistencies between approaches — particularly with automated software identification tools — highlighting the urgent need for standardized testing methods so that results from different studies can be meaningfully compared.

2025 Green Analytical Chemistry 2 citations
Article Tier 2

A comprehensive method for the sampling, purification, extraction, and quantification of microplastic fibre release in textile production

Researchers developed a comprehensive standardized method for sampling, purifying, extracting, and quantifying microplastic fiber release across various matrices involved in textile production processes. The protocol addresses gaps in existing methodology focused primarily on laundering and wastewater treatment, providing a reproducible framework to assess microplastic emissions throughout the full textile manufacturing chain.

2025 AATCC Journal of Research
Article Tier 2

Sensitive quantification and morphological analysis of microfibers in laundry wastewater: Standardization and validation of a fluorescence-based method

Synthetic microfibers shed during laundry make up a large share of microplastics found in aquatic environments, but accurately counting them in wastewater has been technically inconsistent between labs. This study standardized and validated a fluorescence-based staining method for quantifying microfibers in laundry effluent, making it faster and more accessible than conventional spectroscopic approaches. A validated standard method is critical for generating comparable data across studies and informing regulations on microfiber pollution from washing machines.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Fibers Released by Textile Laundry: A New Analytical Approach for the Determination of Fibers in Effluents

A dynamic image analysis method was adapted to efficiently count and characterize synthetic fibers shed during textile washing. Since laundry microfibers are among the most abundant microplastics in aquatic environments, this faster analytical method will help manufacturers and regulators better quantify and reduce fiber shedding.

2019 Water 53 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic Release from Domestic Washing

Researchers measured microfiber release from domestic washing of textile materials across five washing cycles, finding that the amount of microplastic fiber shed varied significantly with washing conditions and fiber type, contributing to aquatic microplastic pollution.

2021 European Journal of Science and Technology 9 citations
Article Tier 2

The contribution of washing processes of synthetic clothes to microplastic pollution

Real-scale wash trials of synthetic commercial garments measured microfiber release per wash, finding that release varied significantly with textile type, structure, and age, with some items releasing over 700,000 fibers per wash. The study quantifies the contribution of synthetic textile washing to microplastic pollution and identifies fiber characteristics that govern release rates.

2019 Scientific Reports 752 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantification of textile microfibers from laundry wastewater using the Rock-Eval® device: Difference between natural and synthetic microfiber origins

Researchers applied the Rock-Eval pyrolysis and oxidation device to quantify synthetic and natural textile microfibers in laundry wastewater, developing specific linear regressions for polyester, polyamide, viscose, cotton, and linen to enable rapid mass quantification of microfibers on filtration membranes.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Quantification of textile microfibers from laundry wastewater using the Rock-Eval® device: Difference between natural and synthetic microfiber origins

Researchers applied the Rock-Eval pyrolysis and oxidation device to quantify synthetic and natural textile microfibers in laundry wastewater, developing specific linear regressions for polyester, polyamide, viscose, cotton, and linen to enable rapid mass quantification of microfibers on filtration membranes.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

First application of automated static particle analysis for quantification of textile microplastics/microfibers in washing effluents

Automated static particle analysis was applied for the first time to characterize microplastics in a specific environmental sample type, demonstrating the method's suitability for high-throughput analysis. Automation of particle analysis is key to scaling up microplastic monitoring to the large sample numbers needed for robust environmental surveys.

2025 Chemosphere 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics' emissions: Microfibers’ detachment from textile garments

Researchers measured microfiber detachment rates from finished textile garments during normal laundering and found that garments shed between 175 and 560 microfibers per gram of fabric, or 30,000 to 465,000 microfibers per square meter. They found a strong correlation between microfiber release and the textile's surface density. The study also provides standardized reporting units to improve comparability across research, an important step given the current lack of methodological consensus in textile microfiber studies.

2019 Environmental Pollution 261 citations
Article Tier 2

A novel method for the isolation, characterisation, and quantification of nanoplastic fibres released from synthetic textiles during laundering

Researchers developed a novel method for isolating, characterising, and quantifying nanoplastic fibres (NPFs) released during laundering of synthetic textiles — including acrylic, nylon, and polyester — enabling fibre size differentiation from the micro to the nano scale. The method addresses a significant gap in textile pollution research by providing a tool to study the understudied nanoplastic fraction of laundry-derived fibre emissions.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Approaches for Sampling and Sample Preparation for Microplastic Analysis in Laundry Effluents

Researchers reviewed sampling and sample preparation methods for analyzing microplastics in laundry effluents. The study highlights the lack of standardized methods for quantifying textile fiber microplastics released during washing and emphasizes the need for consistent analytical approaches to better understand this significant source of microplastic pollution.

2024 Sustainability 14 citations