Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

On the Role of Temperature in the Depolymerization of PET by FAST‐PETase: An Atomistic Point of View on Possible Active Site Pre‐Organization and Substrate‐Destabilization Effects

Researchers used molecular simulations to understand why the plastic-degrading enzyme FAST-PETase works better at 50°C than at lower temperatures when breaking down PET plastic. They found that at the optimal temperature the enzyme's active site pre-organizes itself to bind PET more efficiently, and the enzyme forces the plastic into a more reactive shape. Understanding these mechanisms can guide the engineering of even more effective enzymes for breaking down PET microplastics and plastic waste at practical scales.

2023 ChemBioChem 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Temperature-Dependent Active-Site Rearrangements of PETaseSM14: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Researchers used molecular dynamics simulations at multiple temperatures to investigate how PETaseSM14 — a marine-derived PET-degrading enzyme — changes conformation at its active site, finding that moderate warming exposes the catalytic residue to enable substrate binding while excessive heat disrupts the catalytic triad, providing targets for enzyme engineering.

2026 International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Article Tier 2

Simulation Assisted Improvement of Plastic Degradation Enzyme PETase based Machine Learning Tools

Machine learning tools combined with molecular simulation were used to improve the performance of PETase, a plastic-degrading enzyme, for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) biodegradation. The approach identified key structural mutations that enhanced enzyme stability and catalytic efficiency, advancing enzymatic PET recycling.

2024 Theoretical and Natural Science
Article Tier 2

From Bulk to Binding: Decoding the Entry of PET into Hydrolase Binding Pockets

Researchers used molecular dynamics simulations and free energy analysis to decode the complete pathway by which PET polymer chains enter the binding pockets of plastic-degrading hydrolase enzymes at the atomic level. The study aims to deepen mechanistic understanding needed to guide protein engineering of PET hydrolases toward sufficient activity for industrial biocatalytic recycling.

2024 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Rational redesigning the Acinetobacter haemolyticus lipase KV1 for improved polyethylene terephthalate degradation via molecular docking and dynamics simulations

Researchers redesigned the Acinetobacter haemolyticus lipase KV1 enzyme to improve its ability to degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET), using computational modeling to identify beneficial mutations. Engineered variants showed significantly enhanced PET hydrolysis activity, advancing the development of enzymatic plastic degradation tools.

2025 Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics
Article Tier 2

An Overview into Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Hydrolases and Efforts in Tailoring Enzymes for Improved Plastic Degradation

This review examines the discovery and engineering of PET-degrading enzymes including PETase and cutinase variants, discussing protein engineering strategies to improve catalytic efficiency and thermostability for practical biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate plastic waste.

2022 International Journal of Molecular Sciences 120 citations
Article Tier 2

Rational redesigning the Acinetobacter haemolyticus lipase KV1 for improved polyethylene terephthalate degradation via molecular docking and dynamics simulations

This study evaluated engineered variants of lipase KV1 for improved PET degradation, using binding mode analysis and molecular simulations to understand enzymatic PET hydrolysis mechanisms. Optimized variants demonstrated improved degradation efficiency, contributing to biotechnological solutions for plastic waste.

2025 Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)
Article Tier 2

Characterization and engineering of a two-enzyme system for plastics depolymerization

A 1.6 Å resolution crystal structure of MHETase — the second enzyme in Ideonella sakaiensis's PET-degrading two-enzyme system — revealed a PETase-like core capped by a lid domain, and computational and biochemical analysis confirmed a canonical serine hydrolase mechanism, enabling rational engineering of the PET recycling pathway.

2020 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 494 citations
Article Tier 2

Dynamic docking assisted engineering of hydrolase for efficient PET depolymerization

Researchers developed a computational protein engineering strategy called Affinity analysis based on Dynamic Docking (ADD) to enhance the PET-degrading enzyme leaf-branch-compost cutinase (LCC), producing a variant (LCC-A2) that degraded over 90% of post-consumer PET waste into monomers within 3.3 hours.

2023 Research Square (Research Square) 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Advancing PET-Degrading Enzymes through Directed Evolution to Combat Plastic Pollution

This review examines advances in directed evolution of PET-degrading enzymes including PETases and cutinases, describing how techniques such as error-prone PCR, DNA shuffling, and saturation mutagenesis have produced enzyme variants with improved catalytic efficiency and thermostability for enzymatic plastic recycling applications.

2025 American journal of student research.
Article Tier 2

Computational redesign of a PETase for plastic biodegradation by the GRAPE strategy

Researchers engineered a more stable version of the enzyme PETase, which breaks down PET plastic, using a computational protein design strategy. The improved enzyme could enable more efficient industrial biodegradation of PET plastic waste, including microplastics.

2019 28 citations
Article Tier 2

Current advances in the structural biology and molecular engineering of PETase

The study reviews advances in the structural biology and molecular engineering of PETase, an enzyme from the bacterium Ideonella sakaiensis that can break down PET plastic at moderate temperatures. Researchers discuss efforts to enhance the enzyme's activity and thermal stability through protein engineering, which could lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly PET recycling strategies.

2023 Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 42 citations
Article Tier 2

Molecular docking analysis of PET with MHET

Researchers performed molecular docking analysis of PET polymer with mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid (MHET), investigating how the enzyme from Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6 — a bacterium capable of degrading a thin PET film in six weeks — might be optimized to improve catalytic efficiency and expand substrate specificity for enzymatic plastic degradation.

2023 Bioinformation 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Rational Design of Disulfide Bridges in BbPETaseCD for Enhancing the Enzymatic Performance in PET Degradation

Researchers rationally designed disulfide bridges in BbPETase, a PET-degrading enzyme from a Burkholderiales bacterium, to enhance its thermostability and enzymatic performance, offering a promising avenue for more efficient biological recycling of PET plastic waste.

2023 Molecules 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Efficient polyethylene terephthalate degradation at moderate temperature: a protein engineering study of LC ‐cutinase highlights the key role of residue 243

Researchers engineered variants of leaf-branch compost cutinase that efficiently degrade PET plastic at moderate temperatures (55°C), finding that the S101N/F243T variant could fully depolymerize postconsumer PET waste and that lower temperatures actually improved degradation by preventing plastic recrystallization.

2023 FEBS Journal 41 citations
Article Tier 2

Determinants for an Efficient Enzymatic Catalysis in Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Degradation

This review covers the current state of enzymatic PET degradation, examining which enzymes act on PET, how protein engineering has improved their activity, and what challenges remain before enzymatic recycling can be deployed at industrial scale.

2023 Catalysts 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Marine PET Hydrolase (PET2): Assessment of Terephthalate- and Indole-Based Polyesters Depolymerization

Researchers characterized a marine enzyme (PET2) capable of breaking down PET plastic and related polyester materials under relatively mild conditions. Discovering and engineering enzymes that can degrade PET could help address the massive accumulation of PET microplastics in ocean environments.

2023 Preprints.org 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Computational Redesign of a PETase for Plastic Biodegradation under Ambient Condition by the GRAPE Strategy

Researchers developed a computational protein engineering strategy called GRAPE to redesign a PET-degrading enzyme from Ideonella sakaiensis. The resulting DuraPETase variant showed a 31-degree-Celsius increase in thermal stability and over 300-fold improved degradation of PET films at mild temperatures, achieving complete biodegradation of 2 g/L microplastics into water-soluble products under ambient conditions.

2021 ACS Catalysis 545 citations
Article Tier 2

Comparative biochemistry of PET hydrolase-carbohydrate-binding module fusion enzymes on a variety of PET substrates

Researchers systematically compared two leading PET-digesting enzymes fused with substrate-binding domains across a range of industrial plastic substrates, finding that binding domains can either boost or reduce enzyme activity by up to six-fold depending on the substrate type. These results can help match the right enzyme to the right industrial recycling scenario.

2024 Enzyme and Microbial Technology 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Microbial Polyethylene Terephthalate Hydrolases: Current and Future Perspectives

This review surveys microbial enzymes capable of breaking down PET plastic, focusing on the structure and function of key hydrolases like PETase and cutinases. Researchers found that while several enzymes show promising PET-degrading activity, most work slowly and under limited temperature conditions, with engineered variants showing improved performance. The study highlights both the potential and the current limitations of using biological approaches for plastic waste management.

2020 Frontiers in Microbiology 168 citations
Article Tier 2

Degradation of PET Nanoplastic Oligomers at the Novel PHL7 Target:Insights from Molecular Docking and Machine Learning

Researchers used computational molecular docking and machine learning to show that the enzyme PHL7 degrades PET nanoplastics most efficiently at shorter chain lengths, with binding affinity becoming unfavorable once PET oligomer chains exceed six repeat units in length.

2023 Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences 9 citations
Article Tier 2

In silico binding affinity analysis of microplastic compounds on PET hydrolase enzyme target of Ideonella sakaiensis

Researchers used computer simulations to test whether a bacterial enzyme (PET hydrolase from Ideonella sakaiensis) could break down six types of plastic, finding it most effective against polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and least effective against PVC, informing which plastics this microbe might help degrade in the environment.

2021 Bulletin of the National Research Centre/Bulletin of the National Research Center 28 citations
Article Tier 2

Protein-plastic interactions: The driving forces behind the high affinity of a carbohydrate-binding module for polyethylene terephthalate

This study investigated the molecular forces driving high-affinity binding of a carbohydrate-binding module protein to PET plastic surfaces, revealing that hydrophobic interactions and specific structural features of the protein-plastic interface are key determinants relevant to engineering better PET-degrading enzymes.

2023 The Science of The Total Environment 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Whether the wobbling W156 is a pre-requisite for efficient PET biodegradation by IsPETase

Researchers engineered a thermostable variant of the PET-degrading enzyme IsPETase that achieves over 100-fold improvement in PET breakdown efficiency. More effective PET-degrading enzymes could enable industrial-scale recycling of PET plastic, reducing the amount of this common polymer that fragments into microplastics in the ocean.

2023 Research Square (Research Square)