Papers

61,005 results
|
Article Tier 2

Comparison of three insect larvae biodegrading polyethylene and role of the intestinal bacterial strains in polyethylene degradation by Galleria mellonella larvae

Compared to two other insect species, Galleria mellonella waxworm larvae showed the highest polyethylene degradation ability, with gut bacterial strains identified as key contributors to plastic breakdown in a process transferable outside the host.

2024 Research Square (Research Square) 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradation of Polyethylene and Polystyrene by Greater Wax Moth Larvae (Galleria mellonella L.) and the Effect of Co-diet Supplementation on the Core Gut Microbiome

This study tested whether co-feeding larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella with supplementary diet could enhance survival while maintaining their ability to biodegrade polyethylene and polystyrene plastics. The results show that larvae can degrade both polymer types when fed co-diets, offering a potential avenue for biological plastic breakdown.

2020 Environmental Science & Technology 253 citations
Article Tier 2

Complete digestion/biodegradation of polystyrene microplastics by greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae: Direct in vivo evidence, gut microbiota independence, and potential metabolic pathways

Researchers provided direct in vivo evidence that greater wax moth larvae can completely digest polystyrene microplastics, demonstrating that biodegradation occurs independently of gut microbiota and identifying potential metabolic pathways involved in the breakdown process.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 113 citations
Article Tier 2

Beyond Microbial Biodegradation: Plastic Degradation by Galleria mellonella

Researchers reviewed the ability of the wax moth larva Galleria mellonella to degrade various types of plastic, including polyethylene. The study highlights this insect as one of the most promising biological approaches to plastic waste degradation, as it produces enzymes capable of breaking down polyethylene, offering a potential complement to microbial biodegradation strategies.

2023 Journal of Polymers and the Environment 38 citations
Article Tier 2

Comparison study on low-density polyethylene film biodegradation potential of Achoria grisella and Galleria mellonella larvae

This study compared the ability of two wax moth species to biodegrade low-density polyethylene plastic, finding both larvae could break down LDPE with gut microbiota playing an important role. The findings suggest potential for insect-based plastic biodegradation as a waste management approach.

2023 Journal of Environmental Biology 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Can the insects Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor be the future of plastic biodegradation?

This review examines recent discoveries about how wax moth and mealworm larvae can break down common plastics using enzymes in their saliva and gut microorganisms. Researchers found that these insects offer a promising biological alternative to traditional plastic disposal methods like landfilling and incineration, which themselves contribute to microplastic pollution. The study highlights key challenges including the need for standardized testing methods and proposes innovative ideas like using insects as living bioreactors for plastic waste processing.

2025 The Science of The Total Environment 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic Biodegradation through Insects and their Symbionts Microbes: A Review

This review examines how insects and their gut microbes can break down plastic waste, covering species like mealworms and waxworms that can digest polyethylene and polystyrene. The bacteria living in insect guts are responsible for much of this plastic-degrading activity. Insect-based biodegradation could offer a scalable biological solution to reducing plastic pollution.

2021 Journal of Bioresource Management 23 citations
Article Tier 2

BIODEGRADATION OF POLYSTYRENE BY PLASTIVORES GREATER WAXWORMS LARVAE (Galleria mellonella).

Researchers investigated the biodegradation of polystyrene by Greater Waxworm larvae (Galleria mellonella), using weight loss measurements, morphology analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy to confirm that the larvae could consume and chemically alter polystyrene whose structure resembles beeswax. The findings identify Galleria mellonella as a promising biological agent for reducing polystyrene accumulation in the environment.

2024 IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Article Tier 2

Environmental Biotechnology: Biodegradation of Microplastics with Larvae of Tenebrio Molitor and Galleria Mellonella

Researchers tested the ability of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae to biodegrade microplastics collected from a Peruvian beach, finding that both species could partially degrade plastic samples, supporting insect larvae as a promising biotechnology for microplastic remediation.

2022 SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradation of Polystyrene by Galleria mellonella: Identification of Potential Enzymes Involved in the Degradative Pathway

This study confirmed that larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella can biodegrade polystyrene, one of the most resistant plastics, and identified candidate enzymes involved in the degradation process. Researchers used proteomics to pinpoint enzymes in the larval gut, providing insights that could inform future biotechnological approaches to plastic waste management.

2024 International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Using Insect Larvae and Their Microbiota for Plastic Degradation

This review summarizes research on insect larvae, including wax worms and mealworms, that can eat and break down plastic using bacteria and enzymes in their guts. Recent discoveries include novel plastic-degrading enzymes found in wax worm saliva that can begin breaking down polyethylene within hours. While still far from a large-scale solution, this biological approach to plastic degradation could eventually help reduce the microplastic pollution that threatens ecosystems and human health.

2025 Insects 20 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradation of Polystyrene by Tenebrio molitor, Galleria mellonella, and Zophobas atratus Larvae and Comparison of Their Degradation Effects

Researchers compared polystyrene biodegradation by three insect larvae species, finding that superworms consumed the most plastic and converted it most efficiently into low-molecular-weight substances, while all three species harbored gut bacteria from the genera Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae that appear to drive the degradation process.

2021 Polymers 94 citations
Article Tier 2

The Ability of Insects to Degrade Complex Synthetic Polymers

This review synthesizes research on insect-mediated biodegradation of synthetic polymers, examining species from Coleopteran and Lepidopteran orders — including mealworms, wax moths, and flour beetles — whose gut microbial symbionts enable breakdown of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyurethane, and PVC into lower molecular weight, less toxic excreta.

2023 IntechOpen eBooks 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradation of Polyethylene by Enterobacter sp. D1 from the Guts of Wax Moth Galleria mellonella

Researchers isolated the bacterium Enterobacter sp. D1 from the gut of wax moth larvae and found it capable of biodegrading polyethylene film. After 14 days of cultivation, the bacteria formed colonies on the plastic surface and caused visible damage including roughness and cracks. The study suggests that gut bacteria from plastic-consuming insects could offer potential avenues for developing biological approaches to plastic waste management.

2019 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 231 citations
Article Tier 2

Consumption of polypropylene by Galleria mellonella (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) larvae did not cause degenerative changes in internal organs

This study found that greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae can consume polypropylene plastic without suffering organ damage, confirming that this insect species tolerates plastic ingestion well and supporting its potential use in biodegradation applications. The gut microbiome is believed responsible for breaking down the plastic, pointing toward a biological route for reducing polypropylene waste that is the precursor to significant environmental microplastic contamination.

2023
Article Tier 2

A toxicological perspective of plastic biodegradation by insect larvae

This review examines how larvae of certain beetle and moth species can consume and biodegrade synthetic polymers including polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene, with their gut microbiomes playing a key role in the degradation process. While promising for plastic waste management, the study also raises toxicological concerns about the breakdown intermediates and chemical additives released during biodegradation.

2021 Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology 85 citations
Article Tier 2

Wax worm saliva and the enzymes therein are the key to polyethylene degradation by Galleria mellonella

Researchers discovered that the saliva of wax worm larvae (Galleria mellonella) can oxidize and begin breaking down polyethylene plastic within hours at room temperature, identifying two specific enzymes responsible — the first animal-derived enzymes known to initiate plastic degradation, offering a promising biological tool for tackling plastic waste.

2022 Nature Communications 191 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradation of various grades of polyethylene microplastics by Tenebrio molitor and Tenebrio obscurus larvae: Effects on their physiology

Mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor and Tenebrio obscurus) were fed different grades of polyethylene plastic to test their ability to biodegrade this common plastic. Both species could consume and partially break down all three types of polyethylene, though the process caused oxidative stress and shifted their gut bacteria. This research suggests biological degradation of plastic waste is possible, which could help reduce the environmental breakdown of plastics into harmful microplastics.

2024 Journal of Environmental Management 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Technological application potential of polyethylene and polystyrene biodegradation by macro-organisms such as mealworms and wax moth larvae

Researchers tested polyethylene biodegradation by mealworms and wax moth larvae across multiple experimental setups, finding that while live larvae altered LDPE surface morphology, homogenized larval paste produced no detectable mass loss or ethylene glycol, suggesting a mechanism beyond gut microbiome action alone. Techno-economic and life cycle assessment analysis indicated that scaling this process as a plastic waste management technology is currently not feasible.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 90 citations
Article Tier 2

A New Coleoptera Member ( Ulomoides dermestoides ) to Biodegrade Plastics

The beetle Ulomoides dermestoides was identified as a new plastic-biodegrading insect, with larvae capable of consuming and partially degrading various plastic types. The discovery adds to a growing list of plastic-eating insects that could inform bioremediation strategies for plastic waste.

2025 Environmental Science & Technology 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Biodegradación de espumas plásticas por larvas de insectos: ¿una estrategia sustentable?

This review examines the biodegradation of plastic foams by insect larvae, particularly mealworms and waxworms, as a potential sustainable strategy for managing plastic waste. Researchers discuss the enzymatic mechanisms involved, current limitations in scale-up, and prospects for integrating insect-based degradation into waste management systems.

2021 TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Mechanisms and Perspectives of Microplastic Biodegradation by Insects and Their Associated Microorganisms

This review examined how insects and their gut microbiota contribute to microplastic biodegradation, summarizing known degradation mechanisms and the microorganisms involved. The authors found that several insect species harbor gut bacteria capable of depolymerizing common plastics like polystyrene and polyethylene, though degradation rates remain too slow for practical remediation at scale.

2025 Microplastics
Article Tier 2

Biodegradation of Polystyrene by Plastic-Eating Tenebrionidae Larvae

Researchers tested the ability of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and superworm (Zophobas morio) larvae to biodegrade polystyrene foam through feeding experiments with different dietary conditions. They found that both species could consume and break down polystyrene, with gut microorganisms playing a key role in the degradation process. The study suggests that insect-based biodegradation could offer a biological approach to addressing polystyrene waste in the environment.

2024 Polymers 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Consumption and Digestion of Plastics by Greater Hive Moth Larvae

Researchers investigated whether greater hive moth larvae can consume and digest plastics, finding that the larvae are capable of ingesting polyethylene films with evidence of partial chemical breakdown in the gut.

2024 Insects 1 citations