Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Recommendation: Low-cost, high-throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale — R1/PR5

This recommendation paper outlines a low-cost, high-throughput protocol for quantifying microplastics shed from textiles during washing, designed for use by labs without specialized equipment. The method standardizes fiber fragmentation testing to support textile industry comparisons.

2024
Article Tier 2

Low-cost, high-throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale

Researchers developed a low-cost, high-throughput method for quantifying microplastic fibers shed during textile washing tests, introducing a new fibre fragmentation scale to standardize measurements. The method significantly reduces analysis time compared to the recommended gravimetric approach, which takes over 8 hours per specimen batch. The study aims to help the textile industry design and select lower-shedding materials by making standard testing more accessible and practical.

2024 Cambridge Prisms Plastics 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Author comment: Low-cost, high-throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale — R0/PR1

This methods paper proposes a simple visual grading scale — analogous to colour fastness cards used in the textile industry — to make fibre fragmentation testing faster and cheaper without losing accuracy. Standardising how synthetic textiles are tested for microfibre shedding is critical for designing lower-polluting fabrics and reducing one of the main sources of microplastic fibres entering waterways through laundry.

2023
Article Tier 2

Low cost, high throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale

Researchers developed three standardized textile wash test methods for quantifying microplastic fiber shedding during laundering, introducing a 'fibre fragmentation scale' to rank textile designs by shedding propensity and enable systematic comparison across materials and processing variables.

2025
Article Tier 2

Recommendation: Low-cost, high-throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale — R0/PR2

This recommendation paper accompanies a proposed fibre fragmentation scale for measuring microplastic release from textiles during washing, aiming to establish consistent test methods that enable textile designers to reduce fibre shedding.

2024
Article Tier 2

Decision: Low-cost, high-throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale — R0/PR3

Researchers introduce a fibre fragmentation scale to support low-cost, high-throughput quantification of microplastic fibre shedding from textiles during washing, providing a standardized tool for industry to design lower-shedding products.

2024
Article Tier 2

Decision: Low-cost, high-throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale — R1/PR6

Peer reviewers evaluated and provided a decision on the proposed low-cost textile microplastic quantification method, assessing its scientific validity, reproducibility, and potential for adoption as a standard analytical approach in the field.

2024
Article Tier 2

Reliable quantification of microplastic release from the domestic laundry of textile fabrics

This study identified major sources of variation in methods used to quantify microplastic fiber release from textile laundry, recommending a standardized testing protocol to enable reliable comparisons across fabrics, machines, and washing conditions.

2021 Journal of the Textile Institute 51 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantification and identification of microfibers released from textiles during simulated accelerated washing

Researchers tested multiple methods for measuring microfibers released from fabrics during washing and found significant inconsistencies between approaches — particularly with automated software identification tools — highlighting the urgent need for standardized testing methods so that results from different studies can be meaningfully compared.

2025 Green Analytical Chemistry 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics Shedding from Textiles—Developing Analytical Method for Measurement of Shed Material Representing Release during Domestic Washing

Researchers developed an analytical method to measure microplastic shedding from textiles during domestic washing, identifying key methodological variables that explain the large variation in shedding measurements across prior studies and proposing a standardized approach for more comparable results.

2018 Sustainability 109 citations
Article Tier 2

Comment on “Characterization of Nanoplastics, Fibrils, and Microplastics Released during Washing and Abrasion of Polyester Textiles”

This correspondence comments on methodological concerns in a prior study characterising nanoplastics, fibrils, and microplastics released during washing and abrasion of polyester textiles, raising questions about the characterisation methods and interpretation of results related to particle release quantification.

2022 Environmental Science & Technology 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics' emissions: Microfibers’ detachment from textile garments

Researchers measured microfiber detachment rates from finished textile garments during normal laundering and found that garments shed between 175 and 560 microfibers per gram of fabric, or 30,000 to 465,000 microfibers per square meter. They found a strong correlation between microfiber release and the textile's surface density. The study also provides standardized reporting units to improve comparability across research, an important step given the current lack of methodological consensus in textile microfiber studies.

2019 Environmental Pollution 261 citations
Article Tier 2

A Feasible and Efficient Monitoring Method of Synthetic Fibers Released during Textile Washing

Researchers developed and validated a feasible monitoring method for quantifying synthetic microfibers released from textiles during washing, addressing the need for standardized protocols to measure microfiber emissions. The method provided reproducible results for collecting and characterizing microfibers from wash effluent to support emission modeling.

2024 Microplastics 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Influence of laundry effluent stability on fibre fragments indentification

Researchers examined how the stability of laundry effluent samples affects the identification and characterization of synthetic fiber fragments (FFs) released during textile washing. The study addressed methodological challenges in quantifying fibrillar microplastics across varying effluent concentrations and degradation states, finding that sample stability is a critical variable influencing accurate fiber fragment analysis.

2025 Koža & obuća
Article Tier 2

Quantification of textile microfibers from laundry wastewater using the Rock-Eval® device: Difference between natural and synthetic microfiber origins

Researchers applied the Rock-Eval pyrolysis and oxidation device to quantify synthetic and natural textile microfibers in laundry wastewater, developing specific linear regressions for polyester, polyamide, viscose, cotton, and linen to enable rapid mass quantification of microfibers on filtration membranes.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Quantification of textile microfibers from laundry wastewater using the Rock-Eval® device: Difference between natural and synthetic microfiber origins

Researchers applied the Rock-Eval pyrolysis and oxidation device to quantify synthetic and natural textile microfibers in laundry wastewater, developing specific linear regressions for polyester, polyamide, viscose, cotton, and linen to enable rapid mass quantification of microfibers on filtration membranes.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Microfiber from Textiles – The New Task of Standardization

This review examines the emerging standardization needs for microfiber analysis from textile washing, identifying that conflicting results from studies using different analytical technologies, pre-treatment procedures, and washing processes require harmonized methods to develop feasible solutions for minimizing textile microfiber emissions.

2024
Article Tier 2

A novel approach for rapid quantification and length distribution of microfibers released during domestic laundry.

Researchers developed a novel rapid method for directly quantifying microfibers released during domestic laundry and deriving their length distribution density function, addressing the lack of standardized quantification approaches for this significant source of microfiber pollution.

2025 Journal of hazardous materials
Article Tier 2

The contribution of washing processes of synthetic clothes to microplastic pollution

Real-scale wash trials of synthetic commercial garments measured microfiber release per wash, finding that release varied significantly with textile type, structure, and age, with some items releasing over 700,000 fibers per wash. The study quantifies the contribution of synthetic textile washing to microplastic pollution and identifies fiber characteristics that govern release rates.

2019 Scientific Reports 752 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantifying shedding of synthetic fibers from textiles; a source of microplastics released into the environment

Researchers quantified the shedding of synthetic fibers from textiles during simulated washing, finding that fabric type, age, and wash conditions significantly affected fiber release, and establishing a quantitative basis for estimating textile-derived microplastic inputs.

2017 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 590 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessment of microplastics release from polyester fabrics: The impact of different washing conditions

Researchers assessed microplastic fiber release from polyester and polyamide fabrics during simulated washing, finding that fabric construction, fiber type, and washing conditions all influenced the quantity of fibers released. The study provides data to help quantify the contribution of laundry to microplastic emissions in wastewater.

2020 Environmental Pollution 147 citations
Article Tier 2

A novel method for the isolation, characterisation, and quantification of nanoplastic fibres released from synthetic textiles during laundering

Researchers developed a novel method for isolating, characterising, and quantifying nanoplastic fibres (NPFs) released during laundering of synthetic textiles — including acrylic, nylon, and polyester — enabling fibre size differentiation from the micro to the nano scale. The method addresses a significant gap in textile pollution research by providing a tool to study the understudied nanoplastic fraction of laundry-derived fibre emissions.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Quantification of microfibre release from textiles during domestic laundering

Researchers developed a reliable method for quantifying microfibre release from domestic laundering, finding that fabric characteristics had a greater influence on release than wash settings, and estimated UK annual domestic microfibre emissions between 7,300 and 36,100 tonnes depending on assumptions.

2023 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 39 citations
Article Tier 2

An innovative evaluation method based on polymer mass detection to evaluate the contribution of microfibers from laundry process to municipal wastewater

Researchers developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify polyester microplastic fibres released during clothes washing by measuring polyethylene terephthalate polymer mass, finding that laundry contributes a quantifiable and significant load of microplastic fibres to municipal wastewater treatment plants.

2020 Journal of Hazardous Materials 74 citations