Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Quantification of textile microfibers from laundry wastewater using the Rock-Eval® device: Difference between natural and synthetic microfiber origins

Researchers applied the Rock-Eval pyrolysis and oxidation device to quantify synthetic and natural textile microfibers in laundry wastewater, developing specific linear regressions for polyester, polyamide, viscose, cotton, and linen to enable rapid mass quantification of microfibers on filtration membranes.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Quantification of textile microfibers from laundry wastewater using the Rock-Eval® device: Difference between natural and synthetic microfiber origin

The Rock-Eval® pyrolysis device was used to quantify textile microfibers from laundry wastewater, successfully distinguishing natural cotton and linen fibers from synthetic polyester and nylon microfibers through specific linear regression parameters.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Low cost, high throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale

Researchers developed three standardized textile wash test methods for quantifying microplastic fiber shedding during laundering, introducing a 'fibre fragmentation scale' to rank textile designs by shedding propensity and enable systematic comparison across materials and processing variables.

2025
Article Tier 2

A novel approach for rapid quantification and length distribution of microfibers released during domestic laundry.

Researchers developed a novel rapid method for directly quantifying microfibers released during domestic laundry and deriving their length distribution density function, addressing the lack of standardized quantification approaches for this significant source of microfiber pollution.

2025 Journal of hazardous materials
Article Tier 2

An innovative evaluation method based on polymer mass detection to evaluate the contribution of microfibers from laundry process to municipal wastewater

Researchers developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify polyester microplastic fibres released during clothes washing by measuring polyethylene terephthalate polymer mass, finding that laundry contributes a quantifiable and significant load of microplastic fibres to municipal wastewater treatment plants.

2020 Journal of Hazardous Materials 74 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantification and morphological characterization of microfibers emitted from textile washing

Textile microfibers released during washing machine cycles were quantified and characterized, with the study finding that fiber type, fabric construction, and wash conditions all influenced emission quantities. The results confirm textile washing as a significant and ongoing source of microplastic fiber pollution in wastewater.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 49 citations
Article Tier 2

A Feasible and Efficient Monitoring Method of Synthetic Fibers Released during Textile Washing

Researchers developed and validated a feasible monitoring method for quantifying synthetic microfibers released from textiles during washing, addressing the need for standardized protocols to measure microfiber emissions. The method provided reproducible results for collecting and characterizing microfibers from wash effluent to support emission modeling.

2024 Microplastics 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantifying shedding of synthetic fibers from textiles; a source of microplastics released into the environment

Researchers quantified the shedding of synthetic fibers from textiles during simulated washing, finding that fabric type, age, and wash conditions significantly affected fiber release, and establishing a quantitative basis for estimating textile-derived microplastic inputs.

2017 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 590 citations
Article Tier 2

Textile microfibers reaching aquatic environments: A new estimation approach

Researchers developed a new estimation approach for quantifying the mass flow of textile microfibers from household laundry that ultimately reaches aquatic environments, addressing the absence of accurate models for assessing microfiber contributions to microplastic pollution. The method provides a more systematic framework for estimating the environmental load from domestic washing.

2020 Environmental Pollution 89 citations
Article Tier 2

Low-cost, high-throughput quantification of microplastics released from textile wash tests: Introducing the fibre fragmentation scale

Researchers developed a low-cost, high-throughput method for quantifying microplastic fibers shed during textile washing tests, introducing a new fibre fragmentation scale to standardize measurements. The method significantly reduces analysis time compared to the recommended gravimetric approach, which takes over 8 hours per specimen batch. The study aims to help the textile industry design and select lower-shedding materials by making standard testing more accessible and practical.

2024 Cambridge Prisms Plastics 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Application of GC/MS Pyrolysis for Assessment Residues of Textile Composites after Filtration of Washing and Rinsing Effluents

This study used gas chromatography/mass spectrometry pyrolysis to analyze microfiber residues left in wash and rinse water from synthetic textile laundering. Structural and processing parameters of the textiles affected how many microplastics were shed. The research contributes to understanding how laundry releases microplastic fibers into wastewater systems.

2022 Separations 7 citations
Article Tier 2

Reliable quantification of microplastic release from the domestic laundry of textile fabrics

This study identified major sources of variation in methods used to quantify microplastic fiber release from textile laundry, recommending a standardized testing protocol to enable reliable comparisons across fabrics, machines, and washing conditions.

2021 Journal of the Textile Institute 51 citations
Article Tier 2

A novel method for the isolation, characterisation, and quantification of nanoplastic fibres released from synthetic textiles during laundering

Researchers developed a novel method for isolating, characterising, and quantifying nanoplastic fibres (NPFs) released during laundering of synthetic textiles — including acrylic, nylon, and polyester — enabling fibre size differentiation from the micro to the nano scale. The method addresses a significant gap in textile pollution research by providing a tool to study the understudied nanoplastic fraction of laundry-derived fibre emissions.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Study on the Extraction Method of Microplastic System in Textile Wastewater

This study developed and evaluated methods for extracting and quantifying microplastics from textile wastewater, addressing the lack of standardized analytical protocols for this important industrial source of microplastic pollution.

2023 Polymers 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Assessment of microplastics release from polyester fabrics: The impact of different washing conditions

Researchers assessed microplastic fiber release from polyester and polyamide fabrics during simulated washing, finding that fabric construction, fiber type, and washing conditions all influenced the quantity of fibers released. The study provides data to help quantify the contribution of laundry to microplastic emissions in wastewater.

2020 Environmental Pollution 147 citations
Article Tier 2

Detection and Analysis of Microfibers and Microplastics in Wastewater from a Textile Company

Researchers analyzed microfiber and microplastic levels in wastewater from a textile company, finding that the on-site treatment plant removed only 38–65% of microfibers, meaning up to 62% — including acrylic, polyester, and polyamide particles — can escape into receiving waterways.

2022 Microplastics 32 citations
Article Tier 2

Decoding microplastic shedding from cotton/polyester blends: An analysis through fiber identification

Researchers developed a chemical separation method to accurately quantify polyester shedding from cotton/polyester blend fabrics, distinguishing polyester from natural fiber microplastics. Testing various fabric structures showed that polyester staple fibers in blends shed substantially during use, providing more realistic microplastic estimates for everyday clothing and bedding.

2025 Environmental Pollution
Article Tier 2

Microplastics Shedding from Textiles—Developing Analytical Method for Measurement of Shed Material Representing Release during Domestic Washing

Researchers developed an analytical method to measure microplastic shedding from textiles during domestic washing, identifying key methodological variables that explain the large variation in shedding measurements across prior studies and proposing a standardized approach for more comparable results.

2018 Sustainability 109 citations
Article Tier 2

Sensitive quantification and morphological analysis of microfibers in laundry wastewater: Standardization and validation of a fluorescence-based method

Synthetic microfibers shed during laundry make up a large share of microplastics found in aquatic environments, but accurately counting them in wastewater has been technically inconsistent between labs. This study standardized and validated a fluorescence-based staining method for quantifying microfibers in laundry effluent, making it faster and more accessible than conventional spectroscopic approaches. A validated standard method is critical for generating comparable data across studies and informing regulations on microfiber pollution from washing machines.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics

This study evaluated microplastic fiber release caused by washing synthetic fabrics, finding that washing processes generate substantial quantities of microfibers and that fabric construction affects release rates, with implications for filtering strategies.

2017 Environmental Pollution 686 citations
Article Tier 2

Influence of laundry effluent stability on fibre fragments indentification

Researchers examined how the stability of laundry effluent samples affects the identification and characterization of synthetic fiber fragments (FFs) released during textile washing. The study addressed methodological challenges in quantifying fibrillar microplastics across varying effluent concentrations and degradation states, finding that sample stability is a critical variable influencing accurate fiber fragment analysis.

2025 Koža & obuća
Article Tier 2

A novel method for the isolation, characterisation, and quantification of nanoplastic fibres released from synthetic textiles during laundering

Researchers developed a novel method for isolating, characterising, and quantifying nanoplastic fibres (NPFs) released from acrylic, nylon, and polyester textiles during laundering simulations, using scanning and transmission electron microscopy for morphological characterisation and TEM as a quantification tool for fibre length distributions. Pyrolysis-GC/MS was used in parallel to confirm polymer types and measure mass quantities of both micro- and nano-scale fibres.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Detection and Characterisation Techniques for Microfiber in Wastewater

This review covers current detection and characterization techniques for microfibers, the most common type of microplastic found in the environment. Researchers discuss how microfibers are released in large quantities during home laundry and enter waterways through wastewater treatment plants. The study emphasizes that precise detection methods are essential for understanding and controlling microfiber pollution, given its harmful effects on both aquatic ecosystems and human health.

2024 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Release of polyester and cotton fibers from textiles in machine washings

Researchers quantified the release of polyester and cotton microfibers from textiles during sequential machine washings. They found that the first wash released the most fibers, with amounts decreasing in subsequent washes, and estimated that household washing machines in Finland release hundreds of thousands of kilograms of textile microfibers annually. The study highlights laundry as a significant and ongoing source of microplastic and microfiber pollution entering wastewater systems.

2017 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 246 citations