Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Rethinking plastic recycling: A comparison between North America and Europe

Researchers compared plastic recycling rates and infrastructure between North America and the European Union, arguing that higher EU landfill and incineration costs create economic incentives for recycling that have driven greater industrial innovation and cleaner polymer streams — while both regions continue to rely on opaque offshore export as a de facto disposal method.

2023 Journal of Environmental Management 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Towards a Just Circular Economy Transition: the Case of European Plastic Waste Trade to Vietnam for Recycling

Researchers examined how half of Europe's collected plastic waste is shipped to countries like Vietnam for recycling without adequate oversight, arguing that this practice shifts environmental and health burdens to lower-income nations and calling for a justice-focused global framework to govern plastic waste trade.

2024 Circular Economy and Sustainability 30 citations
Article Tier 2

Atık ve çevresel adalet : Avrupa Birliği döngüsel ekonomi politikası örneği

This thesis critically analyzes the EU circular economy policy through an environmental justice perspective, examining how power asymmetries between EU member states affect the distribution of waste management burdens. The study finds that EU circular economy solutions focus predominantly on economic outcomes while neglecting justice implications of transboundary waste transfers.

2024 Marmara University Open Access System
Article Tier 2

The Circular Economy in EU Policy as a Response to Contemporary Ecological Challenges

This article reviews how EU countries are implementing circular economy policies and progress toward reducing plastic waste, finding large variation across member states. Shifting from linear to circular plastic economies is critical for reducing the production of waste that generates microplastics.

2019 Gospodarka Narodowa 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Analyzing Government Plans for the Plastic Value Chain in the Latin American Circular Economy

Despite its title referencing the plastic value chain and circular economy in Latin America, this paper analyzes government policy plans for managing plastics through a circular economy lens across Latin American countries — not microplastic pollution directly. It examines how well national plans address lifecycle phases of plastic and is only tangentially relevant to microplastics through the broader context of reducing plastic waste.

2025 Circular Economy and Sustainability 1 citations
Article Tier 2

European Circular Economy Policy-Making in Sustainability and Resource Management Development

This study analyzed the development of circular economy policy across EU countries using circularity indicators, finding that high circularity scores do not necessarily correlate with lower environmental impact. The EU as a whole consumes the majority of global materials and generates 43% of emissions, highlighting gaps between circularity metrics and actual sustainability.

2024 International Journal of Mathematical Engineering and Management Sciences 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Examining Latin America’s Transition to a Circular Economy for Plastics

This policy analysis found that Latin American countries are generating increasing amounts of plastic waste while their waste management and recycling infrastructure remains inadequate, though the region is beginning to adopt circular economy strategies through national roadmaps and legislation. The study is relevant to microplastic pollution because poor waste management is a primary driver of plastic breakdown into microplastics in rivers and coastal waters.

2026 Environmental Management
Article Tier 2

Plastic waste as a challenge for sustainable development and circularity in the European Union

This review examines the plastic waste crisis in the European Union, evaluating gaps between recycling policy ambitions and actual outcomes. It argues that without major improvements in waste management infrastructure and circular economy practices, plastics will continue to fragment into microplastics and contaminate European ecosystems.

2020 Ekonomia i Prawo 21 citations
Article Tier 2

Transdisciplinary research in industrial ecology a practice with recycling cooperatives of Belo Horizonte for the development of household solid waste management in Latin America countries

This transdisciplinary study engaged recycling cooperatives in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, to develop better household solid waste management approaches for Latin American cities. It addresses plastic waste as part of broader solid waste management challenges in the Global South.

2020
Article Tier 2

Transboundary movements of plastic waste from EU countries as a constraint for sustainability

This study examines the volume and destinations of plastic waste exports from EU countries under trade code 3915, finding that large quantities are shipped to less developed nations not subject to European environmental standards. The authors assess this 'waste tourism' against Basel Convention principles and Sustainable Development Goals, identifying transboundary plastic waste movements as a significant constraint on achieving a circular plastics economy.

2023 Ekonomia i Prawo 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Global Plastic Pollution and the Transition Towards a Circular Economy: Lessons from the EU’s Legal Framework on Plastics

This paper reviews the EU legal framework on plastics and the transition toward a circular economy, examining how regulatory instruments including the Single-Use Plastics Directive and extended producer responsibility schemes can reduce the billions of tons of plastic waste generated annually.

2024 Environmental Policy and Law 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxic growth in the circular economy: is the EU Plastics Strategy a bad policy?

Researchers traced the relational history of the European Commission's Strategy for Plastics in a Circular Economy, examining whether this flagship plastics governance policy effectively addresses the growing global plastics problem. They argued that the strategy's circular economy framing may perpetuate 'toxic growth' by prioritizing recycling and reuse over fundamental production reduction, raising questions about the policy's adequacy as a response to plastic pollution.

2025 Policy Press eBooks
Article Tier 2

From Waste Pickers to Producers: An Inclusive Circular Economy Solution through Development of Cooperatives in Waste Management

This paper presented an inclusive circular economy framework centered on waste picker cooperatives in developing countries, arguing that integrating informal sector workers into formal plastic recycling systems improves both waste management outcomes and social equity, with case studies from Latin America and Africa illustrating successful models.

2021 Sustainability 66 citations
Article Tier 2

Sustentabilidade: Materiais Plásticos, O Great Pacific Garbage Patch E Propostas Sustentáveis No Contexto Da Globalização Contemporânea

This Brazilian Portuguese legal and policy review analyzes international and domestic sustainability proposals around plastic pollution, including the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and European single-use plastic regulations. The author argues that no effective global plastic elimination program is possible without coordinated non-state institutional frameworks and enforcement mechanisms.

2021 Revista Eletrônica Direito e Política
Article Tier 2

Public policies to mitigate plastic pollution and adhere to the circular economy: A case study from Ecuador

This study examines Ecuador as a case study in public policy for plastic pollution management, analyzing national legislation including the Single-Use Plastics Rationalization Law and the Inclusive Circular Economy Law, concluding that Ecuador's regulatory framework offers a transferable model for other countries seeking to reduce plastic production and promote circular economy principles.

2024 Scientia et technica
Article Tier 2

The rate of use of the Circular Economy in individual sectors

Not relevant to microplastics — this paper reviews the adoption of circular economy principles across industrial sectors within the European Union policy framework, without specific focus on plastic pollution.

2023 Acta Montanistica Slovaca 8 citations
Article Tier 2

A systematic analysis of European markers of balanced environmental management under the conditions of economic circularity

Researchers analyzed European environmental management markers under circular economy conditions, examining environmental pollution indicators including microplastics and proposing an iron oxide-based technological method for treating wastewater contaminated with estrogens, microplastics, and oil.

2024 Agroecological journal
Article Tier 2

An Integrated Analysis of Plastic Packaging Value Chain: Identifying Barriers and Enablers for a Circular Economy

Researchers analyzed the full plastic packaging value chain to identify barriers and enablers for transitioning to a circular economy, tracing the evolution of circular economy concepts and quantifying the environmental impacts associated with exponential plastic waste growth. The study provides an integrated framework mapping opportunities for intervention across production, use, collection, and recycling stages.

2025 Journal of Green Economy and Low-Carbon Development
Article Tier 2

Removing barriers to plastic waste valorisation in Africa: Towards policies for value creation and capture in business ecosystems

This review examines the barriers preventing plastic waste valorisation in Africa and analyses why policy interventions have not yet led to substantial value creation and capture within low-income country business ecosystems. The authors propose policy frameworks targeted at stimulating circular economy approaches to plastic waste that account for the specific economic and institutional contexts of African markets.

2023 Business Strategy & Development 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Exploring the EU plastic value chain: A material flow analysis

Researchers conducted a material flow analysis of the EU27 plastic value chain, finding that only 19% of plastics were recycled in 2019, with total losses amounting to 4% of production and significant variation across sectors and polymer types.

2023 Resources Conservation and Recycling 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Understanding the socioeconomic determinants of marine plastic pollution: Evaluating policy effectiveness and mitigation strategies in the Global South.

Researchers synthesized qualitative and quantitative evidence on marine plastic pollution in the Global South, identifying rapid urbanization, inadequate waste infrastructure, and weak governance as primary drivers, and recommending integrated strategies combining single-use plastic bans, extended producer responsibility, regional cooperation, and circular economy incentives.

2026 Marine pollution bulletin
Article Tier 2

Potential Analysis of the Plastics Value Chain for Enhanced Recycling Rates: A Case Study in Iceland

Researchers evaluated Iceland's plastics value chain to identify opportunities for enhanced recycling rates, conducted a feasibility study on expanding the deposit-return system to Skyr cups, and proposed recommendations for improving circular economy performance and meeting EU packaging waste recycling targets.

2022 Recycling 15 citations
Article Tier 2

The road to sustainable use and waste management of plastics in Portugal

Researchers assessed Portugal's plastic production, consumption, waste management, and beach litter levels relative to EU targets, finding that current recycling rates (34%) fall below EU averages (42%) and recommending expanded pyrolysis, gasification, and single-use plastic regulations as near-term complements to improved recycling infrastructure.

2021 Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 23 citations
Article Tier 2

Modelo circular para el desarrollo sostenible en PYMES recicladoras de plásticos: una revisión sistemática

This review synthesizes 23 studies on circular economy models for sustainable development in plastic-recycling SMEs, identifying four key categories of challenges, responsibilities, strategies, and innovation opportunities through a systematic PRISMA-guided bibliometric analysis of literature from 2017 to 2024.

2025 Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar