Papers

61,005 results
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Systematic Review Tier 1

Deleterious effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on rodent lungs: a systematic review

This systematic review summarizes research on how inhaled micro- and nanoplastics affect the lungs in animal studies. The findings show these particles can cause lung inflammation, tissue damage, and immune responses, suggesting that breathing in airborne microplastics may pose real risks to respiratory health.

2025
Article Tier 2

Detrimental effects of microplastic exposure on normal and asthmatic pulmonary physiology

Researchers exposed both healthy and asthmatic mice to airborne microplastics and found significant lung inflammation, immune activation, and increased mucus production in both groups. Microplastic particles were taken up by immune cells called macrophages, and gene analysis revealed changes in immune response, cellular stress, and cell death pathways. The study suggests that inhaling microplastics may worsen respiratory health in both normal and vulnerable populations.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 207 citations
Article Tier 2

Polystyrene nanoplastics induced lung injury in mice: Insights into lung metabolic disorders

Researchers exposed mice to polystyrene nanoplastics through the airway and found that the particles caused lung inflammation and tissue damage. Using metabolomics analysis, they discovered that the nanoplastics disrupted multiple metabolic pathways in lung tissue, with surface-modified particles causing more severe effects. The study provides evidence that inhaled nanoplastics can alter lung metabolism in ways that may contribute to respiratory health problems.

2025 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Characterisation of changes in global genes expression in the lung of ICR mice in response to the inflammation and fibrosis induced by polystyrene nanoplastics inhalation

Researchers exposed mice to inhaled polystyrene nanoplastics for two weeks and used microarray analysis to identify 115 differentially expressed lung genes, with inflammation and fibrosis pathways significantly upregulated — findings that propose specific gene biomarkers for monitoring nanoplastic-induced pulmonary damage.

2023 Toxicological Research 22 citations
Article Tier 2

In vivo toxicity assessment of microplastics in Balb/C mice : study of inhalation exposure and its inflammatory effects

Researchers examined the in vivo toxicity of inhaled microplastics in Balb/C mice, studying pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, and systemic effects following repeated inhalation exposure. The study found dose-dependent lung inflammation and evidence of particle translocation to other organs.

2024 Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo)
Article Tier 2

HoLDI mass spectrometry for rapid, solventless detection of airborne nanoplastics and co-occurring aerosol organics

Scientists developed a new, faster way to detect tiny plastic particles floating in the air we breathe, both indoors and outdoors. The method found plastic particles from common materials like polyethylene in indoor air and cancer-causing chemicals attached to nano-sized particles in outdoor air. This breakthrough could help us better understand how much plastic pollution we're breathing in and its potential health risks.

2026
Article Tier 2

Integrative lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis unraveled polystyrene nanoplastics-induced liver injury via oral and inhalation exposure: All roads lead to Rome?

Researchers exposed mice to polystyrene nanoplastics through both oral ingestion and inhalation, and found that both routes caused liver damage but through different molecular pathways. Oral exposure mainly caused visible tissue damage, while inhaled nanoplastics triggered more severe inflammation and impaired the liver's ability to produce essential proteins. The study reveals that breathing in nanoplastics may be just as harmful to the liver as swallowing them, with different but equally concerning effects.

2025 Environment International 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Airborne polystyrene microplastics and nanoplastics induce nasal and lung microbial dysbiosis in mice

Researchers found that airborne polystyrene microplastics and nanoplastics can induce microbial dysbiosis in the nasal passages and lungs of mice. The study showed that both micro- and nanoplastics altered airway microbiota composition, with microplastics having a stronger influence on lung bacterial communities, suggesting that inhaled plastic particles may disrupt respiratory microbial balance.

2022 Chemosphere 77 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of secondary microplastic on the respiratory system of BALB/c mice

Researchers exposed BALB/c mice to secondary microplastics derived from environmentally weathered plastic and assessed respiratory system effects. Secondary MPs caused greater pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress than virgin particles, suggesting that real-world aged plastics carry higher respiratory toxicity risks than pristine particles used in most laboratory studies.

2025
Article Tier 2

Sentinel supervised lung-on-a-chip: A new environmental toxicology platform for nanoplastic-induced lung injury

Researchers built an advanced lung-on-a-chip device that mimics real lung tissue to study how inhaled nanoplastics cause lung injury. The study found that nanoplastics triggered inflammation and tissue damage patterns similar to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This new testing platform could help scientists better understand respiratory risks from airborne plastic particles without relying solely on animal studies.

2023 Journal of Hazardous Materials 41 citations
Article Tier 2

Multi-dimensional evaluation of cardiotoxicity in mice following respiratory exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics

Researchers exposed mice to polystyrene nanoplastics through inhalation and found that even short-term breathing exposure caused heart damage, including inflammation and weakened heart function. The damage got worse with higher doses and longer exposure times, with energy production in heart cells being disrupted through mitochondrial damage. This is one of the first studies to show that breathing in nanoplastics can directly harm the heart, raising concerns about airborne plastic particle exposure in humans.

2023 Particle and Fibre Toxicology 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the mechanism of polystyrene nanoplastics toxicity to mice

Researchers used gene expression and metabolic profiling to understand how polystyrene nanoplastics harm mice at the molecular level, finding disrupted energy metabolism, fat processing, and amino acid pathways in the liver. These molecular changes suggest that nanoplastic exposure could contribute to metabolic disorders, with effects becoming more severe at higher doses.

2024 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 21 citations
Review Tier 2

Airborne microplastics and their impact on human health: A critical review

This review analyzes the growing body of research on microplastics floating in indoor and outdoor air and their potential effects on human health. Evidence indicates that inhaled microplastics can trigger inflammatory responses and cellular damage in the lungs, liver, and reproductive system, and may carry toxic additives deeper into the body. The authors call for more interdisciplinary research to understand the long-term health implications of breathing in these tiny plastic particles.

2025 Journal of Environmental Sciences 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Pulmonary toxicity assessment of polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene microplastic fragments in mice

Researchers tested the lung toxicity of three common plastic types -- polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene -- in mice by exposing them to microplastic fragments. The study assessed how these inhaled microplastic particles from everyday plastics affect lung health, which is relevant since humans regularly breathe in airborne microplastics.

2024 Toxicological Research 51 citations
Article Tier 2

Inhalation of Microplastics Induces Inflammatory Injuries in Multiple Murine Organs via the Toll-like Receptor Pathway

After mice inhaled polystyrene microplastics, the particles spread to the brain, liver, kidneys, spleen, and other organs within days, triggering widespread inflammation through a specific immune signaling pathway called TLR/NF-kB. These findings suggest that breathing in microplastics could cause inflammatory damage across multiple organ systems in the body.

2024 Environmental Science & Technology 40 citations
Article Tier 2

Metabolomics‑driven, data‑augmented machine learning for predicting toxicity of microplastic mixtures

Scientists developed a computer model that can predict how harmful mixtures of microplastics (tiny plastic particles) might be to our cells without testing each combination individually. The model works by analyzing how these plastic particles change the way cells produce energy, which helps explain why microplastics can be toxic. This breakthrough could help researchers quickly assess health risks from the complex mix of microplastics we're exposed to in real life through food, water, and air.

2026 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Article Tier 2

Thyroid and parathyroid function disorders induced by short-term exposure of microplastics and nanoplastics: Exploration of toxic mechanisms and early warning biomarkers

Mice exposed to micro- and nanoplastics through both breathing and eating showed disrupted thyroid and parathyroid gland function in just a short exposure period. Microplastics ingested through food were more harmful to the thyroid, while inhaled nanoplastics caused the most damage to the parathyroid, which helps regulate calcium levels in the body. These findings suggest that everyday microplastic exposure could interfere with important hormone systems that affect metabolism and bone health.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Size-Resolved Identification and Quantification of Micro/Nanoplastics in Indoor Air Using Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry

Scientists developed a new method to measure micro and nanoplastics in indoor air down to 56 nanometers in size, using advanced mass spectrometry techniques. They found significant concentrations of plastic particles in both a laboratory and a private home, with polystyrene being the most common type, and also detected flame retardant chemicals associated with plastic furniture foam. This study provides some of the first evidence that people are breathing in substantial amounts of nanoscale plastic particles indoors, where most people spend the majority of their time.

2024 Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Quantifying the Chemical Composition and Real-Time Mass Loading of Nanoplastic Particles in the Atmosphere Using Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

Scientists developed the first real-time method to measure nanoplastic particles in the air using a specialized instrument called an aerosol mass spectrometer. They detected polystyrene nanoplastics at an urban site in China at concentrations of around 47 nanograms per cubic meter, confirming that we are breathing in tiny plastic particles. This tool could help researchers better understand how much airborne nanoplastic pollution people are actually exposed to.

2024 Environmental Science & Technology 32 citations
Article Tier 2

Effect of microplastics deposition on human lung airways: A review with computational benefits and challenges

This review examines how microplastics deposited in human lungs can cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and reduced lung function. Because these tiny particles can reach deep into the lungs where oxygen enters the blood, they raise concerns about long-term respiratory disease and the possibility of spreading to other organs.

2024 Heliyon 126 citations
Review Tier 2

A review on microplastics: sources, environmental fate, degradation pathways, and analytical identification methods.

This review paper summarizes existing research on tiny plastic particles called microplastics and how scientists detect them in the environment. Microplastics are a growing concern because they contaminate our air, water, and food, potentially affecting human health when we breathe or eat them. The researchers found that new, cheaper detection methods could help us better monitor these plastic particles and understand their impact on our health and environment.

2026 RSC advances
Article Tier 2

Whole transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed key RNA profiles and toxicity in mice after chronic exposure to microplastics

Researchers examined the long-term effects of environmental levels of microplastics on mice given polystyrene particles in drinking water for 180 days. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed significant changes in RNA expression profiles, with biochemical and histopathological examination showing organ-level impacts. The study suggests that chronic exposure to microplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations can alter key molecular signaling pathways in mammals.

2022 Chemosphere 46 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Metabolism: Physiological Responses in Mice Following Ingestion

Researchers found that mice orally exposed to microplastic microspheres showed changes in lipid metabolism and other metabolic pathways, with particles detected in tissues throughout the body. The effects were more pronounced when mice were exposed to mixed microplastic types compared to polystyrene alone, suggesting that real-world mixtures of microplastics may have broader physiological impacts.

2024 Environmental Health Perspectives 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Tissue Distribution of Polystyrene or Mixed Polymer Microspheres and Metabolomic Analysis after Oral Exposure in Mice.

Mice orally exposed to polystyrene or mixed polymer microspheres showed plastic particle distribution across multiple tissues including the liver, kidney, and spleen, with metabolomic analysis revealing distinct alterations in lipid, amino acid, and energy metabolism pathways.

2024 Environmental health perspectives